Exploring Sources and Criticism in Historical Research for Master of Education Programme
"Learn about primary sources in historical research, including personal records, official records, oral testimony, periodic records, mechanical records, and remains. Understand the validation of sources through external and internal criticism to ensure genuineness and accuracy in historical inquiry."
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SOURCES AND THEIR CRITICISM IN SOURCES AND THEIR CRITICISM IN HISTORICAL RESEARCH HISTORICAL RESEARCH PROGRAMME: MASTER OF EDUCATION PROGRAMME: MASTER OF EDUCATION FIRST SEMESTER FIRST SEMESTER COURSE CODE: EDUMED COURSE CODE: EDUMED- -504 SESSION 2022 SESSION 2022- -24 504 24 DR. UDAY SINGH PROFESSOR, DEPT. OF EDUCATION DDU GORAKHPUR UNIVERSITY GORAKHPUR
SOURCES OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH PRIMARY SOURCES Primary sources are the witness accounts and are only solid bases of historical enquiry. Witness account may be ear witness or eye witness or authority witness or all of these. These may be document or remains in the forms of written or mechanical or fossil forms. EXAMPLES PERSONAL RECORDS; autobiographies, declarations, deeds, contracts, speeches, pamphlets etc. OFFICIAL RECORDS; Legislatives, Judgments, decrees, orders of officials, surveys, reports of commissions and committees at local, regional, state and centre levels ORAL TESTIMONY; folk tales, myths, cermonies etc. PERIODIC RECORDS; movies and sculptures etc. MECHANICAL RECORDS; photographs, tapes, interviews speeches etc. REMAINS; fossils, skeletons, weapons, clothings, utensils, furniture, teaching materials etc. oral or pictorial or certificates, diaries wills, letters, drawings, paintings,
VALIDATION OF SOURCES [CRITICISM] EXTERNAL VALIDATION/ CRITICISM: It stands for testing ; Genuineness Textual integrity Admissibility as source 1. Produced or found when and where? 2. How the source discovered? 3. Purpose of creation /making of source? 4. Who was author or creator? 5. Is author really the author or creator? 6. Case of no name/ pseudo name/ wrong name. 7. Credit vs actual contribution. 8. What or which were sources of the author? 9. How was author dependent on his sources? Has author corrected/ altered his sources? 10. Is it original or accurate copy of work? 11. Consistency in period/places/persons quoted? 12. Relation of the source to other sources? 13. Are places/ persons mentioned time valid? 14. Has the donor of the source intentionally corrected it? 15. Is the copy real copy of the original?
VALIDATION OF SOURCES [CRITICISM] INTERNAL VALIDATION/ CRITICISM: It stands for ascertaining ; studying the source between the lines through author s eyes for meaning & trustworthiness of the information contained in the source/s. What did author mean by each word and statement? 1. 2. Are the statements credible? 3. Do the translation carry same meaning as original? 4. Are information at par the moral, ethical & aesthetics of the time? 5. Why more than one reports? (what is truth- common truth- correct?) 6. Purpose of writing? (personal or public/ used public views or concealed own views) 7. Was the author accepted as competent observer by others in the field?
8. Were the locations and facilities favourable to the author? 9. Did the age, stress or health caused author to misobservation and misreporting? 10. Was the report/ document/ source first hand or based on borrowed information/ sources? 11. Was reporting done just after observation or later on? 12. Was author based on observation notes or on memoriam? 13. Were there biases? 14. Were the creators financed? 15. Was writing/ reporting done under condition/ pressure to cause ignore, misinterprete or misrepresent the data?
INTERNALCRITICISM 16. Was writing/creation motivated otherwise? 17. Are information in the source compatible with other sources of information. (cross validity)
