Evolution of Universities in Europe: A Historical Perspective

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Here, we delve into the origins and development of universities in Europe, tracing back to the Middle Ages when institutions of higher learning emerged under various influences such as the Catholic Church and monarchs. The discussion highlights the transformation of cathedral schools into the first European universities, influenced by religious, secular, and bureaucratic needs. Scholars note parallels between early European colleges and Islamic Madrasahs, suggesting a diverse historical influence in shaping university structures.

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UNIVERSITY RULES AND PROCEDURE By Aliyu Dalha Kankia Registrar Federal University Dutsin-Ma

Definition of Key Terms University University: : Originated from the Latin word universitas, it was modified by different magistrorum, universitas scholarium, or universitas magistrorum et scholarium i. a self-regulating scholastic comprising teachers (students) recognized and sanctioned by civil or ecclesiastical authority (6thCentury AD) ii. a community of teachers and scholars who commit themselves to the dissemination of knowledge through teaching and its acquisition through learning, research and scientific enquiry Nimi D. Briggs 1. settings as universitas guild (community) and scholars (masters)

iii. The whole body of teachers and scholars engaged, at a particular place, in giving and receiving instruction and in research innovation in the higher branches of learning; such persons are associated together as a society or corporate organization and acknowledged powers and privileges (esp. that of conferring degrees), and forming an institution for the promotion of education in the higher or more important branches of learning and body, with definite

First set of medieval universities in western Europe were born under the aegis of the Catholic Church, usually schools or by papal bull as Studia Generali, teaching Art, Theology, Law & Medicine 12th- 13thCenturies - Increasing growth and urbanization of European demand grew for professional clergy. as cathedral societies

Professionals required and trained besides canon laws - more secular administration, including logic and disputation for use in preaching and theological discussion, and accounting to more effectively control finances. Pope Gregory VII was critical in promoting and regulating the concept of modern university as his 1079 Papal Decree establishment of cathedral schools that transformed themselves into the first European universities aspects of religious ordered the regulated

For their bureaucratic needs, monarchs started to regulate the shape and development of Universities Some scholars such as Syed Farid Alatas have noted some parallels between Madrasahs and early European colleges and have thus inferred that the first universities in Europe were influenced by the Madrasahs in Islamic Spain and the Emirate of Sicily

DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS 2. 2. Rules: Rules: An authoritative principles or instructions set forth to guide or govern behavior, conduct or action 3 3. . Procedure Procedure: : An established or correct method or means of doing or accomplishing something University rules and procedure therefore, means the authoritative instructions and codes of conduct governing behavior and action and the way the instructions are implemented or observed in a typical University system

UNIVERSITY RULES Bodies Responsible for Initiating/making Bodies Responsible for Initiating/making University Rules: University Rules: 1. National Assembly/State Assembly 2. FME/NUC/Proprietor (Policy) 3. Governing Council/Senate 4. Management

UNIVERSITY RULES There are many University rules, some are general applying to all Universities and others are specific in their applications. They include: i. Universities (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act ii. University Establishment Act iii. Statutes iv. Regulations Governing the Conditions of Service of Senior and Junior Staff v. Establishment Circulars vi. Where and when Federal Civil Service Rules come in 1993

UNIVERSITY RULES vii. Academic Brief (BMAS) a sort of strategic plan on programmes/departments a. course curriculum b. No. of programmes c. No. of staff per programme viii. Academic Policy ix. Code of Conduct/Code of Ethics

UNIVERSITY PROCEDURE Flow of Policy/Instruction Implementation: Flow of Policy/Instruction Implementation: Visitor Through visitation panel Governing Council Vice-Chancellor/Registrar Establishment/Works/Bursary/Procurement etc University Senate Vice-Chancellor/Registrar Academic Office/Academic Planning, Academic Research Board, Faculty/Deptal Linkages etc Boards

UNIVERSITY PROCEDURE CONT Committee System Major University Committees: 1. Council (and its Sub-Committees) 2. Senate (and its Sub-Committees) 3. Congregation 4. Convocation 5. UMC (and its Sub-Committees)