Evolution of Population and Housing Censuses in Sweden (1990-2011)

Transitioning from traditional questionnaire-based methods, Sweden evolved its population and housing censuses towards register-based systems between 1990 and 2011. The shift allowed for continuous updates, improved statistics, and laid the groundwork for future census practices, such as the creation of the Dwelling Register by the authority Lantmäteriet. Cooperation among various entities facilitated the registration of individuals and dwellings, enabling the creation of families and households based on accurate register information.

• Sweden
• Population Census
• Housing Census
• Register-based Systems
• Evolution

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1. The Swedish register-based census Margareta Carlsson September 9, 2020

2. Population and Housing Census 1990

3. Population and Housing Census 1990 Combined method Information from register and questionnaire Questionnaire to all persons aged 16 or older Total Population Register was the frame The registered population = target population Mandatory to respond Specific legislation to each census Cooperation between Statistics Sweden and the municipalities

4. Population and Housing Census 1990 Information from registers Name Personal identification number (PIN) Address Parish Country of birth Country of citizenship Current activity status (Not available for everyone) Occupation (Not available for everyone) Education (Not available for everyone)

5. Population and Housing Census 1990 Information from questionnaire Household composition Activity status Occupation Education Working hours How to get to work Number of rooms in the dwelling Year of construction for the property

6. Transition from 1990 to 2011

7. The period 1990-2011 Continuously updating of the registers Annual/monthly register-based statistics (Population, Births, Deaths, Migration, Properties, etc.) Next census shall be fully register-based No census between 1990 and 2011 Law on the Dwelling Register (2006) Sweden becomes a member of the EU European legislation on the 2011 Census

8. The new link Creation of the Dwelling Register The authority Lantm teriet (Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority) responsible All dwellings Unique identity of a dwelling Registration of persons at the dwelling The Swedish Tax agency responsible Multi dwelling buildings Cooperation between Statistics Sweden, Municipalities, The Swedish Tax Agency, Lantm teriet, property owners, the public Possible to create families, households and consensual union couples based on register information

9. Challenges Dwelling Register Delay with new properties Not correct dwelling numbers Not unique addresses in the municipality Registration of persons at the dwelling Registered at wrong dwelling (students, neighbor ) Not responding to the questionnaire (missing values) Evaluation study of the quality of the register Over-estimating large households Under-estimating small households

10. Building up and maintaining a register Legislation in place Cooperation between statistical office and data owners Takes time Coverage Evaluation of the quality Mechanical controls Continuously updating Continuous work on develop the quality Good reporting procedures/system Personal interest

11. Population and Housing Census 2011

12. Census 2011 First fully register-based census Register information Information not in registers => Model-based Family Household (household-dwelling concept) Consensual union couples

13. Family and Household Registered at the same dwelling (unique dwelling key) Legal marital status Parent-child relationship Spouse relationship

14. Consensual union couple Two persons, with at least one child registered at the same dwelling (unique dwelling key) Two persons without children registered at the same dwelling (unique dwelling key) at least 18 years old different sex age difference less than 15 years not close relatives only one possible couple in the dwelling

15. Sweden today

16. Statistics Swedens system of registers The Population Register (TPR) The The Real Property Register (RPR) Business Register (BR)

17. Statistics Swedens system of registers Labour market Household finances Living Conditions Population Income and taxation Employment - individuals Democracy Integration Education Bankruptcy Individuals sphere Individuals register Statement of earnings Real estate prices Value added tax (VAT) Individuals Households Real estate taxes Tax declaration Geography Schools Dwellings Real estate sphere New construction Standardized accounting statements as an appendix to tax return Business sphere Business register Conversions Real estate register Enterprise Local unit Demolition Employment Enterprise/Local unit Real estate Foreign trade

18. Register-based statistics Population Births Deaths Migration (internal, external) Census Household Housing Dwelling Occupation Education etc.

19. Thank you! Contact Margareta Carlsson m.carlsson@scb.se scb.se