Entamoeba histolytica: Protozoan Parasite in Digestive Tract
Entamoeba histolytica is a zoonotic protozoan parasite found in the digestive tracts of various hosts. It exists in trophozoite and cyst forms, with trophozoites containing erythrocytes and pseudopodia. The cyst stage is characterized by spherical masses discharged by trophozoites and containing chromotoid bars and glycogen vacuoles. This parasite is known for causing dysentery and is commonly found in animals and humans.
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Bihar Animal Sciences University | Entamoeba Dr. AJIT KUMAR Dr. AJIT KUMAR HoD HoD Department of Department of Parasitology Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Animal Sciences University Bihar Animal Sciences University Patna Patna- -800014 800014 Parasitology Image source: Google image
Sub Sub- -Phylum: Phylum: Sarcodina Family: Family: Endamoebidae Endamoebidae Sarcodina Family members are called parasitic amoebae which occur in the digestive tract of vertebrates and invertebrates. Movement by Pseudopodia. Holozoic type of nutrition. Binary fission type of asexual reproduction. Encystment is common feature.
Family: Family: Endamoebidae Endamoebidae Genus : Genus : Entamoeba Entamoeba Location: Digestive tract. Usually form cyst. Cysts have 1-8 nuclei depending upon the species.
Genus: Genus: Entamoeba Entamoeba Species Species Host Host No. of nucleus No. of nucleus present inside present inside cyst cyst Entamoeba histolytica Man, dog, cat, monkey, pig etc. Man, dog, monkey, pig etc. Quadrinucleated cyst Entamoeba coli 8-nucleated cyst Entamoeba bovis Cattle Uninucleated cyst
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica It is azoonotic protozoan parasite. Mainly developmental stages are found Trophozoite and Cyst. two :- Trophozoite :- Size about 10-60 m. It has ectoplasm granular endoplasm. clear and Image source: Google image
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Trophozoite :- Endoplasm of trophozoite contain food containing erythrocytes vesicular nucleus Trophozoites finger-like pseudopodia. Presence dysenteric stool. vacuoles ingested and a move by in freshly Image source: Google image
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Cyst : Trophozoite discharges undigested condenses spherical mass called cyst. Usually Round in shape and 5-15 m in size. food into and a
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Cyst : Young cyst contains 1-4 chromatoid bars, glycogen vacuoles nucleus whereas cyst contains four nuclei without chromatoid and glycogen vacuoles. Resistant condition. Sensitive to putrefaction temperature and below -500C and single Mature bars to averse desiccation, and 400C above
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Transmission: through cysts contaminated food or water , as trophozoites do not survive more than 30 minutes after passing with stools. Eating vegetable usually in the form of salad. of raw and uncleaned Eating of food contaminated by flies, use of night soil polluted water etc.
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Life- cycle:- o Hosts get infection by the ingestion of cysts. o Excystment occurs in the intestine in the presence of trypsin enzyme and released metacystic form. o Meatcystic form undergo nuclear and cytoplasmic division and form eight nucleated daughter which migrate to the large intestine and grow into full size and invade the bowel mucosa. trophozoites
Life-cycle of Entamoeba histolytica Image source: Google image
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Pathogenesis: o Pathogenesis various variation, Escherichia coli or Aerobactor aerogenes , nutritional status of hosts, concurrent immunity etc. depends like presence on factors strain of disease, o Parasites intestinal wall by the lysis of the epithelium by phosphohydrloae liposomes. penetrates the the action release of by
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Pathogenesis: o Amoebae multiply and invade mucosa to produce inverted flask shaped ulcers. o Amoebae may reach other body parts like liver where it may produce inflammation abscesses. and
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Symptoms: o Acute amoebic dysentery- faces consists of almost entirely blood and mucus abdominal pain, with straining. with amoebae, o Chronic dysentery, pain, headache, flatulence etc. dysentery occasional nausea, recurrent abdominal bowels, irregular
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Diagnosis :- On the basis of symptoms like faeces with blood and mucus, abdominal pain etc. Microscopic examination of faeces reveals for trophozoites (in diarrhoeic faeces) or quadrinucleated (Entamoeba histolytica) or eight nucleated cysts (Entamoeba coli). the presence cysts 2 % iodine is also used for clearly Four nucleated cyst detection of cysts. Image source: Google image
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica histolytica Treatment : Metronidazole , Tinidazole etc. Control : o Adoption of proper sanitation, personal hygiene, proper disposal of sewage and night soil, avoidance contamination of supply of clean drinking water etc. of and faecal water, food
