Enhancing Research Skills in English Education: Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study & Writing

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Learn how to extract specific information, evaluate internet resources, and write reports in English education. Understand the importance of research methods and reasoning in creating new knowledge and concepts.

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Secondary Education English 301 New Language Leader 3 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, you will be able to extract specific information and language items from a reading. extend your range of techniques for evaluating internet resources and doing research. learn about the organisation and language used in report writing. write a short report for a website

Did you know that Sleep-deprived brains may be asleep and awake at the same time. The outermost part of the sun s atmosphere is hotter than its surface. Oil-loving microbes can help clean up spills. Ground fires can smoulder throughout the winter and move above ground in spring. Plants have a plan A and a plan B to deal with water shortages. Water can boil and freeze at the same time. A single solar flare can release the equivalent energy of millions of 100-megaton atomic bombs. Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

What is Research? The definition below is incomplete. The missing words are in the box below. Fill in the blanks to complete the meaning. known specific outcomes stage creation argument predict According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, , and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods. Inductive and deductive reasoning both strive to construct a valid .. Therefore, inductive reasoning moves from .instances ( an instance is a step, , or situation viewed as part of a process or series of events) into a generalized conclusion, while deductive reasoning moves from generalized principles that are .to be true to a true and specific conclusion. In other words, research is the .of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative .. Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Check your answers. According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, , and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods. predict argument Inductive and deductive reasoning both strive to construct a valid .. Therefore, inductive reasoning stage moves from .instances ( an instance is a step, , or situation viewed as part of a process or specific series of events) into a generalized conclusion, while deductive reasoning moves from generalized principles that are .to be true to a true and specific conclusion. known In other words, research is the .of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creation creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This could include synthesis and outcomes analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative .. . Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Why is research important? For a long time, there has been a lot of misunderstanding about the role that research plays at educational institutions. Some people find it hard to see the contribution that research makes to students university education. So, why is university research important? To know the significance of research, fill in the blanks in statements below with the words in the box. aid gauge exercise seed truths awareness knowledge 1. a tool for building .and for facilitating learning 2. means to understand various issues and increase public . 3. an ..to business success 4. a way to prove lies and to support .............. 5. means to find, ./ evaluate, and seize opportunities 6. a ..to love reading, writing, analyzing, and sharing valuable information 7. nourishment and .for the mind Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Check your answers. aid gauge exercise seed truths awareness knowledge 1. a tool for building .and for facilitating learning knowledge awareness 2. means to understand various issues and increase public . 3. an ..to business success aid truths 4. a way to prove lies and to support .............. 5. means to find, ./ evaluate, and seize opportunities gauge 6. a ..to love reading, writing, analyzing, and sharing valuable information seed 7. nourishment and .for the mind exercise Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

What is a URL? A URL is a web address, the string of letters and/or numbers (usually starting with http or https) that lead you to a website. The letters after the final period refer to the website's Top-Level Domain (TLD) and is called a domain suffix (examples are .com or .org). These can tell you what the website is for, or who put it together, and help you decide if a website is reliable enough to use in your research. What is a domain suffix? A domain suffix is the last part of a domain name. Common examples include ".com," ".net," and ".org, etc. There are new domain suffixes, such as ".tv" and ".mobi" which are used to identify specific types of websites. For example, the ".tv" domain suffix is commonly used by television station websites. Domain suffixes are also called "top-level domains" or "TLDs." You can view a comprehensive list of TLDs at the Sharpened.net Domain Suffixes page. Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Complete each sentence below with the appropriate domain suffix from the following box. Once you are done, click the Enter key to check your answers. .ac .co .fr .com .edu .gov .net . uk .org .com .co 1. The domain suffix is the for companies and businesses is either or 2. another popular website suffix is It is used by non-profit making organization. .org .net 3. Internet- based companies, such as network provides, frequently use the suffix but it is also used by all kind of businesses . .edu .ac 4. Educational organisations, such as schools and universities , usually use either the suffix, or the one. 5. The .suffix indicates that it is a government website. .gov 6. The domain suffixes .. and are websites from countries other than U.S. (i.e., United Kingdom, France, etc.) .fr . uk Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Assessment Complete each gap with the right domain suffix. Once you are done, click the Enter key to check your answers. The prefix stands for academic. .ac The prefixes .or . stand for commercial. .co .com The prefix stands for France. .fr The prefix stands for Bahrain. .bh The prefix ..stands for education. .edu The prefix .stands for government .gov The prefix .. stands for network. .net The prefix stands for the United Kingdom . uk The prefix stands for organization. .org The prefix stands for government. .gov Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Evaluating Web Resources It is not always easy to determine if information on the World Wide Web is credible. Classify the guidelines on your left that will help you in making that evaluation. Is the content mostly opinion or is it stating facts? Does the author intend to persuade you of something? Teach? Inform? Entertain? Provoke an emotional response? Who is the author of this page? When was this page created? Is there a creation or revision date? Does the article improve your understanding of the issue? Are there sloppy errors, such as bad grammar, misspelling, etc. which might indicate hastiness? Does all of the article apply to your topic? If the author is affiliated with an institution (government, university, business, organization, etc.), does this affiliation bias the information presented? What is the purpose of this page? Is the page being maintained and new material added? Can you find more information about the author somewhere else? Does the author provide references for or sources of facts, data, or quotations? Currency ( the period of time during which something is valid) Relevance Reliability Authority Purpose Point of View Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Check your answers Currency When was this page created? Is there a creation or revision date? Is the page being maintained and new material added? ( the period of time during which something is valid) Does the article improve your understanding of the issue? Does all of the article apply to your topic Relevance Is the content mostly opinion or is it stating facts? Are there sloppy errors, such as bad grammar, misspelling, etc. which might indicate hastiness? Does the author provide references for or sources of facts, data, or quotations? Reliability Who is the author of this page? Authority Can you find more information about the author somewhere else? What is the purpose of this page? Does the author intend to persuade you of something? Teach? Inform? Entertain? Provoke an emotional response? Purpose If the author is affiliated with an institution (government, university, business, organization, etc.), does this affiliation bias the information presented? Point of View Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Writing Skills Short Report Why is report writing so important? To know more about reports, fill in the blanks with the words in the box below to complete the meaning. purpose concepts technical widely summary data useful range communicate Reports information which has been compiled as a result of research and analysis of and issues ( problems). Reports can cover a wide of topics, but usually focus on transmitting information with a clear .., to a specific audience. Reports are often structured in a way that reflects the information finding process and the writing-up of the findings: that is, of the contents, introduction or background, methods, results, discussion, conclusion and/or recommendations. The inclusion of recommendations is one reason why reports are a common form of writing in industry, as the informed recommendations are .for decision making. The scope and style of reports varies ... It depends on three key factors: the report's intended audience, the report's purpose and the type of information to be communicated; for example, technical reports communicate .information, so the degree of technicality in the report will depend on the reader's familiarity and understanding of technical .. Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Now check your answers Reports information which has been compiled as a result of research and analysis of . and communicate data issues (problems). Reports can cover a wide .. of topics, but usually focus on transmitting information with range a clear , to a specific audience. purpose Reports are often structured in a way that reflects the information finding process and the writing up of the findings: that is, of the contents, introduction or background, methods, results, discussion, summary conclusion and/or recommendations. The inclusion of recommendations is one reason why reports are a common useful form of writing in industry, as the informed recommendations are for decision making. widely The scope and style of reports varies . It depends on three key factors: the report's intended audience, the report's purpose and the type of information to be communicated; for example, technical reports communicate .information, so the degree of technicality in the report will depend on the reader's familiarity and technical concepts. understanding of technical .. Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Writing question sample: Your teacher has asked you to write a report on the effectiveness of online learning when compared to traditional learning during the pandemic lockdown. Follow the layout below. (refer to page 45 for further guidance). 1. Introduction, including aims and objectives Start your report by identifying the person who asked for it and add its subject matter. e.g. This report was requested by It studies/investigates 2. Write what you discovered in the investigations Facts and findings/results 3. Conclusion (sets out what inferences you draw from the information) e.g. Experts have different opinions However, 4. Write your recommendation(s). (suggest how you think the situation could be improved, and should be specific, achievable and measurable.) e.g. It is recommended/advisable/vital that It is a good idea to Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Remember: Reports are more likely to be needed for business, scientific and technical subjects, and in the workplace. Whereas an essay presents arguments and reasoning, a report concentrates on facts. Essentially, a report is a short, sharp, concise document which is written for a particular purpose and audience. Tips on the Writing Style When writing a report, your aim should be to be absolutely clear. Above all, it should be easy to read and understand, even to someone with little knowledge of the subject area. You should therefore aim for crisp, precise text, using plain English, and shorter words rather than longer, with short sentences. You should also avoid jargon. If you have to use specialist language, you should explain each word as you use it. If you find that you ve had to explain more than about five words, you re probably using too much jargon, and need to replace some of it with simpler words. Consider your audience. Pay particular attention to whether all the information that you have included is relevant. Also remember to check tenses, which person you have written in, grammar and spelling. It s also worth one last check against any requirements on structure. Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills

Here is a model answer. Introduction This report was requested by my class teacher. It investigates the effectiveness of online learning in educating students compared to traditional face-to-face learning. This report was to be submitted by the end of the first semester. Facts and Findings 1. The COVID-19 has resulted in closing schools all across the world. Globally, over 1.2 billion children are out of the classroom. 2. Online learning has proved to have positive effects for student learning outcomes but there are some safety concerns and some negative health impacts on the kids with long hours spent in front of the computer screens. 3. Some teachers and students consider face-to face learning more effective as it provides better interaction between the teacher and the student and this is mainly needed for young learners. 4. Online learning requires a greater amount of reading and assignments than traditional classes. Conclusion Educationalists and students are divided about the extent of effectiveness of online learning when compared to traditional face-to- face learning. Recommendations It is recommended that: parents check on their children s technology use regularly. feedback and support for students should be individualized for online learning, rather than given to the entire group. while students work through the online course material parents should be there to support, encourage, and nurture their kids development as learners. (but they should not do the work for their children) blended learning should be empowered. Eng.301 Unit 4 Lesson 5 Study and Writing Skills