Emergency Assessment Guide for Medical Professionals
CSI 102
Skills Lab 5
EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT
Daryl P.
L
ofaso, Ph.D., M.Ed., RRT
Initial Assessment Guide
Primary Assessment
Observational Assessment
Appearance – conscious, unconscious, alert
Work of Breathing (WOB) – accessory muscle use
Circulation – color, bleeding
Intervention to any life-threatening condition
Initial Assessment Guide
Secondary Assessment
(Serial)
Vital Signs: initial and after treatment
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
Range 3-15
Three Behaviors:
Eye opening response (1-4)
Best verbal response (1-5)
Best motor response (1-6)
Primary Assessment
A = Airway / C-spine immobilization
B = Breathing
C = Circulation
D = Disability or Neurologic Status
Secondary Assessment
E = Exposure and environmental control to
prevent heat loss
F = Full set of vital signs, wt.
G = Give comfort measures
H = Head-to-toe assessment and History
(Hx)
I = Inspect posterior surfaces
Triage Assessment
Emergent
Urgent
Non-urgent
Emergent
Airway and Breathing
Difficulties
Cardiac Arrest
C-spine compromise
Seizure states
Life or limb-threatening
condition
Severe medical problems
(
Overdose, poisoning, DM complications)
Obvious multiple
injuries
Excessive high
temperature
(> 105
o
F or 40.5
o
C)
Cardiac CP
Neurological Deficit –
Stroke (CVA
)
Urgent
Chest Pain
(Non-Cardiac)
Burns
Decrease level of conscious
(
↓
LOC)
Persistent nausea, vomiting,
or diarrhea
Severe pain
Temperature
(102-105
o
F or 39
o
-40.5
o
C)
Mental Health Crisis
Seizure
Allergic Reaction
Large broken bones
Delay of up to 2 hrs. will not
compromise life or limb
Non-Urgent
Chronic backache
Moderate headache
Minor Fx or other
injuries
Cough or Congestion
Tooth or ear ache
Need Stitches
Urinary tract infection
Stable illness or injury,
wait > than 2 hrs.
without an increased
risk of morbidity or
mortality
What is an illness script?
A network of acquired knowledge and experience about a
disease, set of conditions, or symptoms – basically it’s
what you know about a disease.
•
Pathophysiology process/insult: What is it? What causes it?
•
Predisposing factors: Who gets it?
•
Clinical manifestation: What does it look like? What are the
prototypical history and exam features?
Adult Vital Signs
Pulse: 60-100/minute
Blood Pressure: <120/<80 mmHg
Respiration: 12-20/minute
Temperature: 98.6
o
F or 37
o
C
Pulse oximeter:
>
94% saturation
Patient
’
s Condition
Stable – VS within normal limits. Pt conscious &
comfortable.
Guarded – VS within normal limits. Pt has some
discomfort.
Unstable – VS outside of normal limits. Major
complications. Prognosis guarded.
All Patients are potentially infectious.
Good Hand Hygiene is the key to reducing
nosocomial infections
Wash before and after patient contact
Wear a mask, eye protection, gloves and gown
when needed
Universal Precautions
3 Types of Precautions
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
Pathogens Requiring
Airborne Precautions
Tuberculosis
Measles (Rubeola)
Varicella (Chickenpox)
COVID-19
Airborne Precautions
Management
Place patient in an isolation room with negative pressure
Keep door closed
Wear N-95 mask
Pathogens Requiring
Contact Precautions
Multi-drug resistance bacteria
(e.g.,
VRE
– Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci,
MRSA
- Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus
Aureus
)
RSV - Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Clostridium difficile
Scabies
Comprehensive emergency assessment guide covering primary and secondary assessments, triage classification, and differentiation of emergent, urgent, and non-urgent medical conditions. Includes initial assessment steps, Glasgow Coma Scale evaluation, and key interventions for life-threatening situations. Essential resource for healthcare practitioners in managing critical situations efficiently and effectively.
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Presentation Transcript
CSI 102 Skills Lab 5 EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT Daryl P. Lofaso, Ph.D., M.Ed., RRT
Initial Assessment Guide Primary Assessment Observational Assessment Appearance conscious, unconscious, alert Work of Breathing (WOB) accessory muscle use Circulation color, bleeding Intervention to any life-threatening condition
Initial Assessment Guide Secondary Assessment (Serial) Vital Signs: initial and after treatment Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Range 3-15 Three Behaviors: Eye opening response (1-4) Best verbal response (1-5) Best motor response (1-6)
Primary Assessment A = Airway / C-spine immobilization B = Breathing C = Circulation D = Disability or Neurologic Status
Secondary Assessment E = Exposure and environmental control to prevent heat loss F = Full set of vital signs, wt. G = Give comfort measures H = Head-to-toe assessment and History (Hx) I = Inspect posterior surfaces
Triage Assessment Emergent Urgent Non-urgent
Emergent Airway and Breathing Difficulties Cardiac Arrest C-spine compromise Seizure states Life or limb-threatening condition Severe medical problems (Overdose, poisoning, DM complications) Obvious multiple injuries Excessive high temperature (> 105oF or 40.5oC) Cardiac CP Neurological Deficit Stroke (CVA)
Urgent Chest Pain (Non-Cardiac) Burns Decrease level of conscious ( LOC) Persistent nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Severe pain Temperature (102-105oF or 39o-40.5oC) Mental Health Crisis Seizure Allergic Reaction Large broken bones Delay of up to 2 hrs. will not compromise life or limb
Non-Urgent Chronic backache Moderate headache Minor Fx or other injuries Cough or Congestion Tooth or ear ache Need Stitches Urinary tract infection Stable illness or injury, wait > than 2 hrs. without an increased risk of morbidity or mortality
What is an illness script? A network of acquired knowledge and experience about a disease, set of conditions, or symptoms basically it s what you know about a disease. Pathophysiology process/insult: What is it? What causes it? Predisposing factors: Who gets it? Clinical manifestation: What does it look like? What are the prototypical history and exam features?
Adult Vital Signs Pulse: 60-100/minute Blood Pressure: <120/<80 mmHg Respiration: 12-20/minute Temperature: 98.6oF or 37oC Pulse oximeter: > 94% saturation
Patient s Condition Stable VS within normal limits. Pt conscious & comfortable. Guarded VS within normal limits. Pt has some discomfort. Unstable VS outside of normal limits. Major complications. Prognosis guarded.
Universal Precautions All Patients are potentially infectious. Good Hand Hygiene is the key to reducing nosocomial infections Wash before and after patient contact Wear a mask, eye protection, gloves and gown when needed
3 Types of Precautions Airborne Droplet Contact
Pathogens Requiring Airborne Precautions Tuberculosis Measles (Rubeola) Varicella (Chickenpox) COVID-19
Airborne Precautions Management Place patient in an isolation room with negative pressure Keep door closed Wear N-95 mask
Pathogens Requiring Contact Precautions Multi-drug resistance bacteria (e.g., VRE Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci, MRSA - Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) RSV - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Clostridium difficile Scabies
