Effective Use of English Knowledge Organisers for Learning
Utilize knowledge organisers for English studies through self-quizzing, flashcards, mini quizzes, dual coding, and applying information in essays. For subjects like Macbeth, Animal Farm, and poetry anthology, engage actively and avoid passive methods for effective learning.
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Knowledge Organisers for English How do you use them? Self quiz read and write down what you remember Look, cover, write, check Create flashcards that you test yourself on to learn the knowledge Create mini quizzes and swap and check your knowledge Dual code create a series of pictures or symbols that link to the information on the KO Apply the information in context use them to help you write an essay or plan an essay You will study: Macbeth Animal Farm The Sign of Four The Poetry Anthology Context for the Anthology Unseen Poetry YOU ALL NEED TO LEARN THIS INFORMATION How NOT to use them: Copy out the information with the KO directly in front of you Ignore them
Act . Themes Key Moments Context Patriarchy - Women not as important as men Jacobean men held women responsible for the original sin (Adam & Eve) Divine Rights of Kings: God like status of Kings meaning that they should not be killed Monarchy: King James 1st was hugely interested in Witchcraft & wrote Daemonologie Treason Gunpowder Plot Religion The catholic/ protestant divide and suspicion this caused The Great Chain of Being a hierarchy in Christianity that starts with God The Code of Chivalry a moral conduct that included behaviour towards women and went beyond the battlefield SKILLS MACBETH CORE KNOWLEDGE Y11 AQA Analysis Points: Link to the question Link to the terminology (Lang/Structure evaluating choice) Short Quote(s) Explain meaning & effect both obvious & hidden (explicit & implicit) Zoom in on words explore connotations & effect Suggest other readers might think/feel (offer an alternative opinion) Link to writer s intentions (step out from close analysis & do overview of meaning) Explore a linking quote/supporting idea Terminology Definition Vocabulary Definition ACT 1 War Loyalty Supernatural Patriarchy Deceit Macbeth & Banquo: two Scottish noblemen meet three witches on a heath & the witches make 3 predictions, then disappear. One prediction for Macbeth comes true straight away. Macbeth send Lady M a letter & she calls on evil spirits for courage to commit murder (treason), Macbeth arrives home saying King Duncan is coming to spend the night at Dunsinane castle. Tragedy Form of the play exploring tragic events & downfall of character Retribution Inflicting punishment for a wrongful act Patriarchy Society dominated by males who rule over Dramatic Irony where the audience are more aware of the action happening than the characters females Masculinity Traits relating to being stereotypically male Soliloquy an individual character in a play speaking their thoughts out loud to the audience ACT 2 Death Treason Patriarchy Cowardice Deceit Power Macbeth agrees to kill King Duncan under duress but due to Lady Macbeth s manipulation, he doubts this action, sees a dagger (imaginary) dagger of the mind , but when the bell tolls he does kill King Duncan, Macduff finds the body & suspects foul play. The king s sons flee, fearing for their lives. Macbeth becomes king (another prophecy fulfilled) Insanity Being seriously mentally ill Loyalty Having a strong feeling of support or Protagonists The main character who propels the action forward allegiance Wisdom Quality of having good judgement/ being wise Imagery ACT 3 Deceit Death Supernatural Macbeth is under suspicion from Banquo & plans to have Banquo and his son, Fleance, murdered. Banquo is killed but Fleance flees & Banquo s ghost appears at a feast haunting Macbeth, this behaviour puts Macbeth under suspicion again, but from the guests. Justice Fair treatment or behaviour Oxymoron using two opposing terms together, that normally contradict each other EXAM REQUIREMENTS Usurp Take a position of power by force or wrongfully EXTRACT & ESSAY COMBINED ESSAY ON MACBETH: Intro link to the question with overview of meaning. Explain which events in the play you will focus on. Extract Focus explore what the extract means using supporting quotes and link to the question Idea 1 - choose a moment from the play to explore with quotes & context Idea 2 - choose a 2nd moment from the play to explore with quotes & context - Idea 3 - choose a moment from the play to explore with quotes & context - Idea 4 choose a moment to explore with quotes and context Conclude Short summary of points INCLUDE CONTEXT Power Juxtaposition Placing contrasting ideas close together in a text Hamartia Fatal flaw leading to the downfall of the main character ACT 4 Supernatural Fear Death Deceit Power Macbeth goes to the witches again and is given three more prophecies: Beware Macduff, beware the Thane of Fife, None of woman born can harm Macbeth, Macbeth shall never be beaten until Birnham Woods moves towards the castle Macduff has fled Scotland & Macbeth orders the ghastly execution of Macduff s wife and children. Foreshadowing a hint or suggestion of what might happen later in the story Aggression Anger which results in aggressive behaviour Emotive Language Language which creates an emotion in the reader Maternal Feelings which are related to being a mother Connotations/ Zooming in Implied or suggested meanings of a word or phrases Societal expectation Expectations of behaviour based on unwritten social rules ACT 5 Patriarchy Guilt Power Death Deceit Treason Lady Macbeth sleepwalks & her mental health deteriorates due to guilt, sees blood on her hands Duncan s son Malcolm, English army & Macduff, disguised as trees approach the castle. Macbeth discovers that Macduff was not born naturally but was a caesarean birth, Macduff kills Macbeth & Malcolm is crowned King of Scotland Hyperbole use of extremely exaggerated terms for emphasis Tyrannical Exercising power in a cruel way Futile Pointless Puns Joke exploiting the possible different meanings of a word Malevolence Being deliberately hostile to others
Character Quotes Macbeth brave Macbeth , noble Macbeth , most worthy Thane , horrid image doth unfix my hair FIRST SOLILOQUY: assassination [ ] we still have judgement here [ ] bloody instructions [ ] return to plague the inventor [ ] he s here in double trust [ ] so clear in his great office, that his virtues will plead like angels [ ] vaulting ambition, which o erleapsitself , We will proceed no further in this business , If we should fail , I am settled and bend up [ ] to this terrible feat , SECOND SOLILOQUY: Is this a dagger I see before me [ ] thou marshal stme the way that I was going [ ] bloody business [ ] present horror , This is a sorry sight , Lady M: You do unbend your noble strength to think so brainsickly of things , I ll go no more. I am afraid to think what I have done.Look on tagain I dare not , Wake Duncan with thy knocking. I would thou couldst , O, yet do I repent me of my fury, that I did kill them , THIRD SOLILOQUY: To be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus. Our fears in Banquo stick deep, and in his royalty of nature reigns that which would be feared [ ] there is none but he whose being I do fear barren sceptre for Banquo s issue have I filed my mind We have scorched the snake, not killed it, , O, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife! , Finding out Fleance lived: Then comes my fit again. I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock [ ] But now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in [ ] But Banquo s safe? , There the grown serpent lies. The worm that s fled hath nature that in time will venom breed , Hence, horrible shadow! , I will tomorrow [ ] to the Weird Sisters , Malcolm: the tyrant [ ] black Macbeth [ ] I grant him bloody, luxurious, avaricious, false, deceitful, sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin , Macduff: an untitled tyrant bloody-sceptered , Malcolm: devilish Macbeth , Till Birnham Wood remove to Dunsinane I cannot taint with fear , I ll fight till from my bones my flesh be hacked. Give me my armor , About death of Lady M: She should have died hereafter [ ] tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow [ ] Out, out, brief candle! Life s but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage , Liar and slave! , Young Siward: abhorred tyrant , I throw on my warlike shield. Lay on, Macduff, and damned be him that first cries Hold! Enough! , Macduff: this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen Lady Macbeth FIRST SOLILOQUY with Macbeth s letter: do I fear thy nature; It is too full o' the milk of human kindness that I may pour my spirits in thine ear , SECOND SOLILOQUY: the fatal entrance of Duncan under my battlements. unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty! come, thick night , so green and pale [ ] Art thou afeard [ ] live a coward , dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this , We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking place , M: Bring forth men-children only, for thy undaunted mettle should compose nothing but males , Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done t , These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so, it will make us mad , Infirm of purpose! Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead are but as pictures , What s done is done , You must leave this , Are you a man? , What, quite unmanned in folly?, M: You can behold such sights and keep the natural ruby of your cheeks when mine is blanched with fear The Thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? , willthese hands ne er be clean , out damned spot, out What s done cannot be undone. To bed, to bed, to bed The Witches (thunder and lightning) , Killing swine , about a sailor: He shall live a man forbid Described by B: so wither dand so wild , you should be women, and yet your beards , (Witches vanish) , Described by M: what seem d corporal melted, as breath into the wind ., secret, black and midnight hags , Apparitions: Beware Macduff! , None of woman born shall harm Macbeth , Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnham Wood [ ] shall come against him , M: Infected be the air whereon they ride, and damned all those that trust them! , M: begin to doubt th equivocation of the fiend that lies like truth King Duncan Duncan arriving at M s castle: This castle hath a pleasant seat. The air nimbly and sweetly recommends itself , Macbeth he s here in double trust , "There's no art to find the mind's construction in the face , Ross: Duncan s horses [ ] broke their stalls [ ] war with mankind [ ] eat each other , we love him highly Banquo To witches: Speak, then, to me, who neither beg nor fear your favours nor your hate About witches: Were such things here as we do speak about? Or have we eaten on the insane root that takes the reason prisoner? , When first prediction comes true: What, can the devil speak true? , The instruments of darkness tell us truths, win us with honest trifles, to betray s in deepest consequence , Thou hast it now [ ] all as the Weird Women promised, and I fear thou play stmost foully for it , Murderer: Safe in a ditch he bides, with twenty trenched gashes on his head MacDuff O horror, horror, horror! Tongue nor heart cannot conceive nor name thee , Most sacrilegious murder hath broke ope the Lord s anointed temple and stole thence the life o th building , Lord: The son of Duncan [ ] lives in the English court [ ] Thither Macduff is gone [ ] we may again give [ ] sleep to our
Chapter & Title Summary Vocabulary Definition THE SIGN OF FOUR KO Ch1 The Science of deduction Introduction to Holmes & Watson Holmes as a drug addict, deep thinker & detective whose mind is never still, he is established as an intelligent thinker, who will look at obscure clues & make a deduction. Watson introduced as his sidekick/sounding board. Deduction /deduces The power of making a suggestion / makes an educated suggestion Terminology Definition Imagery visually descriptive or figurative language Opulently Bright/over the top Ch2 The Statement of the Case Miss Morstan arrives distressed & upset. She explains the disappearance of her father, mysterious pearls being sent to her & a summons without police to a mysterious meeting. Pontificates Thinks carefully Protagonist Main character who drives the action forward Starts Ensues a comparison as if a thing is something else Metaphor Deceased Dead Ch3 In Quest of a Solution Holmes takes the case, Dr. Watson assists. Holmes investigates the pearl & connections to Major Sholto (now deceased). The 3 Holmes, Watson & Morston go to the meeting place & take a mystery tour of London to a secretive meeting place. Mystery Events that need solving Symbolism the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities Irrepressible Not able to be controlled Ch4 The Story of the Bald-Headed Man In a rundown house, furnished opulently with Indian furnishings, juxtaposing the drab setting, the son (Thaddeus) of Major Sholto introduces himself & explains he & his twin brother were privy to a deathbed confession of murder by their father (Miss Morstan s father). During the confession a wild looking man was spying through the window & Major Sholto was a suspicious character afraid of a one-legged man! They travel to see the twin (Bartholomew) at Pondicherry Lane it is now late at night. The story of the treasure unfolds & the sending of the pearls. Noun the name of something Ally Supporter Personification Giving human qualities to inanimate objects Detective An investigator Adjective a word used to describe Quest Search Verb a word used to describe an action Ch5 The Tragedy of Pondicherry Lane The quartet (Holmes, Watson, Morstan & T. Sholto) arrive at B. Sholto s house & are refused entry by McMurdo (employee of B. Sholto). McMurdo recognises Holmes & concedes entry. Bartholomew has not been out of his rooms all day, A female scream occurs (Mrs Bernstone- the housekeeper), Thaddeus investigates & calls on Holmes/Watson s help, they break into B. rooms & discover his death. A puncture wound in the head with no sign of breaking & entering. Thaddeus fears being arrested but reports to the police the events. Adverb often ly words which describes how things are done Synonyms for intelligent Clever, astute, intuitive, quick- witted, sharp, insightful, perceptive, canny, alert, discerning, penetrating, smart, bright. Pronoun Pronouns are used instead of names Connotations implied or suggested meanings of words or phrases Ch6 Sherlock Holmes gives a Demonstration Holmes pontificates on the murder, explores the room for clues, makes an assumption that their were two men, investigate the trapdoor in the roof, discover the missing treasure & orders Holmes to collect a sniffer dog. Inspector Athelney Jones arrives & casts doubts on Holmes detective work. Juxtaposition placing contrasting ideas close together in a text EXAM REQUIREMENTS FOR AQA Oxymoron using two terms together, that normally contradict each other You will have an extract in front of you and will need to explore the whole text as well as the extract and include your knowledge of context 45 mins (including planning time) Intro link to question. Explain the text briefly. Mention time period/context. Throughout the essay choose relevant quotes from the whole text and analyse the language, structure and effect of these quotes. Place the extract analysis where is suits chronologically in the essay. Refer to the question and link to the context regularly. Ch7 The episode of the Barrel Watson escorts Miss Morstan home to Mrs Forrester & begins to fall in love. Watson leaves, retrieves the sniffer-dog & returns to Pondicherry Lane. Holmes has deduced the murderer is Jonathon Small (a convict) with an unusual accomplice. They begin to search. Repetition when words or phrases are used more than once in texts Ch8 The Baker Street Irregulars Holmes deduces Small has taken a steam launch & moored/hid on the river upon talking to the bargemaster s wife, enlists a ragtag bunch of children (Baker Street Irregulars) to seek the boat on the Thames, they wait, Holmes discovers identity of the accomplice & Holmes dreams of Miss Morstan. Foreshadowing a hint or suggestion of what might happen later in the story SKILLS: Analysis Points to consider/use Ch9 A Break in the Chain Holmes visits Miss Morstan to update her, returns Toby (sniffer-dog), Holmes is despondent & goes out dressed as a sailor, Jones (Inspector) arrives at Baker Street, Holmes arrives in disguise, fools Watson & Jones & explains the plan. Jones has let his suspects go (McMurdo & Thaddeus Sholto). Link to the question Link to the terminology (Lang/Structure evaluating choice) Short Quote(s) Explain meaning and effect both obvious and hidden (explicit and implicit) Zoom in on words/explore connotations and effect Suggest what other readers might think/feel (offering an alternative opinion) Link to the writer s intentions (step out from close analysis & give overview of meaning) Explore a linking quote/supporting idea Explore the context relevant to section of text that you are studying Ch10 The End of the Islander (Holmes, Watson & Jones) have a bonding dinner & set out to find the criminals on an unmarked police boat, a chase ensues, accomplice is killed & in the river, Small tries to escape & is captured. Ch11 The Great Agra Treasure Small is captured, the death of B. Sholto is uncovered, the accomplice did it, Holmes takes the treasure to Miss Morstan, discovers it is gone & professes his love for her. Ch12 The Strange Story of Jonathan Small Small explains the mystery of the Agra treasure, the pact made, the double crossing regarding the treasure, how the accomplice (Tonga) came to be with Small, the death of Major Morstan & the mystery is solved.
Context Characters Characteristics Quotes Victorian Society were suspicious of Police & felt they were unintelligent & not able to effectively solve crimes. London Metropolitan Police established 1828. Sherlock Holmes Main protagonist, intelligent, detective, pragmatic, ponderous nature, drug taker, deep thinker CH1 long, white, nervous fingers , detection is, or ought to be, an exact Science To the trained eye Don t go, Doctor. CH2 A singular case Holmes shook his head CH3 native Indian manufacture. he remarked, CH5 treasure hunters six years looking for it slow and methodical manner Newspapers of the day sensationalised the criminal news meaning there became an appetite for a move away from the criminal to a new genre detective fiction Dr. Watson Holmes partner/sidekick/ally, reflective, thoughtful, emotional, war veteran, CH1 Afghan campaign yet CH2 I shall be proud and happy my mind ran upon our late visitor. CH3 bright, eager and in excellent spirits alternated with fits of the blackest depression took his revolver and slipped it into his pocket I endeavoured to cheer and amuse her Sherlock Holmes was never at fault and he rattled the names Ch5 a wonderous subtle thing is love CH6 How then? I persisted Ch8 play some low, dreamy, melodious air CH8 unofficial force pattering of naked feet Penny dreadful or shilling shockers were books published with little care or attention to the literary merit of the writing, instead to appeal to the shock factor Miss Morstan Damsel in distress, young, beautiful, astute CH2 a clearer promise of a refined and sensitive nature to find some peace, some comfort, and instead choking sob correct intuition CH3 muffled in a dark cloak I give you my word on that Class system was prevalent Upper, Middle & Working and this is evident throughout the novel. Mrs Forrester Employee & friend to Miss Morstan (minor) how tenderly how motherly an honoured friend East India Company: after colonisation (British ruling over colonies in far away places) this company established trade and were important in export/import and the establishing of British customs in these colonies. Major Morstan Deceased father of Miss Morstan, disappeared in mysterious circumstances CH3 full of allusions to the major CH4 paroxysm of anger Major Sholto Friend of Major Morstan, died recently, suspicious & fearful CH4 a considerable sum of money, a large collection of valuable curiosities and a staff of native servants. fired his revolver at a wooden-legged man, I found, to my horror he was dead Locations: foreign locations add to a sense of intrigue about the characters, India and the Andaman Islands would have seemed exotic and far away to Victorians. Thaddeus Sholto Moral, son of Major Sholto, kind, fair, twin CH4 small man, with a very high head, a bristle of red hair and a bald shining scalp still palpitating Thaddeus Sholto Indian Wars with the British meant the crushing of freedom fighters violently, the forcing of British education onto the Indians and the fall of the Indian economy in contrast to the rise of the British (alluded to in the riches taken by Sholti, the fighting Small was involved in and the English speaking servants taken back to Britain). Bartholomew Sholto Twin, immoral, fearful, greedy, treasure hunter, deceased Ch4 B is a clever fellow. he computes the value of the jewels at not less than half a million sterling CH5 murder set, however, in a horrible smile, a fixed and unnatural grin McMurdo Lal Roa Porter/gatekeeper to B. Sholto & Butler CH5 cried a gruff voice McM Mrs Bernstone Housekeeper to Bartholomew Sholto, CH5 the shrill broken whimpering of a frightened woman sway with pleasure at the sight of him Freak shows or exhibiting of freaks was prevalent in Victorian society. Physical differences or deformities were particularly interesting. (Seen when Small talks of exhibiting Tonga) Jonathon Small Convict, treasure hunter, wild, wooden legged, vengeful CH4 It was a bearded, hairy face, with wild cruel eyes The sign of four scrawled over it CH12 cursed him as a hairy faced chimp manage the thing easily through Tonga how innocent I am of the death of his son Tonga Black, feared, murderer, Small s sidekick/ally, deceased CH5 scarce half the size of an ordinary man CH8 from a blow pipe savage Ch10 huddled bundle on the deck great, misshapen head and a shock of tangled, dishevelled hair venomous, menacing eyes stuck one of those murderous darts we knew so well CH12 bloodthirsty little imp Patriarchy: women considered blue stockings were seen to be too intellectual, instead the pursuit of grace, knowledge of music/arts etc. was seen as more feminine and becoming a lady (continual references to the demur nature of Miss M) Athelnay Jones The Police Inspector, suspicious, methodical Ch6 wheezed by good luck that good guidance. can t deny you hit the nail on the head sometimes the fat detective Ah, you rogue Ch9 Well, you are the master of the situation Where to asked Jones CH12 Well Holmes, you are a man to be humoured Cannibalism: Shows Victorian suspicion of otherness (Tonga is described as a cannibal) which is a human eating creature. Victorians seemed fascinated by this type of horror. Toby, Mr Sherman The sniffer dog, owner CH7 & 8 Toby has lost his character for infallibility the scent appeared much stronger than before We took the wrong one The Smith Family Family that own the boat, Mordecai the father), the mother, and son Jim Ch8 I am sorry Mrs Smith, I wanted a steam launch Poverty & Child Labour: people lived longer, had more children and were living in urban areas more, meaning that children had to work to help their families or they would be turned out in the streets to fend for themselves (the Baker street irregulars) Dost Akbhar, Mohomet Singh, Abdullah Khan, Dr Somerton, First three characters were members of The Sign of Four. Dr Somerton was Dr. on the convict island. CH3 rough and coarse characters, The sign of Four Jonathon Small, Mohomet Singh, Abdullah Khan, Dost Akbhar. My Sikh friends
SKILLS ANIMAL FARM KO - Y11 AQA CHAPTER Guide to events Context Orwell was a Socialist. He despised the cruelties in the Soviet Union model of socialism. The novel is an anti-totalitarian novel. Each character represents different historical figures. Pig represent educated Russians who took power. Moses exploitation of religion in communism. The Sheep Russian Masses. Mr Frederick Hitler Mr Pilkington Capitalist govt of Britain & The USA. The Hens collective farmers ordered by Stalin to surrender their livelihoods. Mr Jones the Tzar Russian history And Stalin s rise to power Analysis Points: Link to the question Link to the terminology (Lang/Structure evaluating choice) Short Quote(s) Explain meaning and effect both obvious and hidden (explicit and implicit) Zoom in on words/explore connotations and effect Suggest what other readers might think/feel (offering an alternative opinion) Link to the writer s intentions (step out from the close analysis to give an overview of meaning) Explore a linking quote/supporting idea CH1 The animals hold a meeting to discuss overthrowing the humans. They decide on rules if they are successful. Vocabulary Definition Revolution Forcible overthrow of a government or social order CH2 The animals run the men off the farm & the Jones and rename it Animal Farm, destroying signs of slavery Animalism System designed by Old Major for a happy life free of human interference Commandments Seven rules by which the animals will live CH3 The animals work hard to collect the harvest, a committee is established & the pigs take more than their share of the rations. Unalterable Cannot be changed or adapted Equality Being equal CH4 Jones tries to retake the farm. News of it has spread & neighbouring farmers are worried. The animals win The Battle of the Cowshed. Untrustworthy Not being able to trust someone, deceitful Capitalism an economic & political system where a country's trade & industry are controlled privately for profit, rather than by the state. CH5 Mollie leaves the farm. Napoleon takes over all the decisions. Socialism An economic & political system where trade & industry are controlled centrally for the CH6 The pigs move into the farmhouse, they trade and the animals work hard to farm and build the windmill, overcoming setbacks. A storm destroys the windmill. good of all Patriotic Being devoted to your country EXAM REQUIREMENTS Corruption Dishonesty or fraudulent behaviour by rulers EXTRACT & ESSAY COMBINED ESSAY: Intro link to the question with overview of meaning. Explain which events in the play you will focus on. Extract Focus explore what the extract means using supporting quotes and link to the question Idea 1 - choose a moment from the play to explore with quotes & context Idea 2 - choose a 2nd moment from the play to explore with quotes & context - Idea 3 - choose a moment from the play to explore with quotes & context - Idea 4 choose a moment to explore with quotes and context Conclude Short summary of points INCLUDE CONTEXT CH7 Napolean starves the hens when they refuse to lay more eggs, he convinces them off a different version of The Battle of the Windmill. Republic A state where power is held by the people & their elected officials (America is a republic) (Britain is a Monarchy) Exploitation Treating someone unfairly to benefit from CH8 The pigs re-read the commandments, change them and get drunk. Frederick buys timber with forged money & blows up the windmill. their work Anti totalitarian Non-tolerance of people who have different opinions & a system of dictatorship Terminology Definition CH9 Th piglets go to school, the farm becomes a republic with Napoleon as the President, Boxer looks forward to retiring, his strength fails and he is sent to the slaughterer. Most animals don t realise & whiskey arrives from the money confusing them. Symbolism use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities Imagery visually descriptive language Motif a recurring set of words/phrases or imagery for effect CH10 Time passes, animals die, the conditions are poor for most and the pigs act like humans. The other animals can t tell the animals from the humans. Allegory extended metaphor in which a symbolic story is told Omniscient third person narrative All knowing narrator who is not involved in the action but sees it all happening
Character Quotes & Technique Ch 1. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life. , Ch 2. these two (Clover and Boxer) had great difficulty in thinking anything for themselves,. Clover learnt the whole alphabet, but could not put words together. Clover warned him sometimes to be careful not to overstrain himself. Clover looked down the hillside her eyes filled with tears. not what they had aimed at when they had set themselves year ago to work for the overthrow of the human race. (ch7) Such were thoughts, though she lacked the words to express them. (ch7) They accepted everything that they were told about the Rebellion and the principles of Animalism, especially from Clover. Ch 1. Mollie, the foolish, pretty white mare hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Ch2. The stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie, the white mare. Shall I still be allowed to wear ribbons in my mane? Ch3. Mollie, it was true, was not good at getting up in the morning. Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters which spelt her own name. Ch4. She was found hiding in her stall Ch 5. run away from work and go to the drinking pool stand gazing foolishly at her own reflection. Ch1. oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, usually to make some cynical remark. Ch3. Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey. Benjamin was the only animal who did not side with either faction (Ch5) Only old Benjamin refused to grow enthusiastic about the windmill. (Ch6) Ch1. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. Ch3. Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. Boxer was the admiration of everybody. His answer to every setback, was I will work harder. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. Ch4 But the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer, rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great iron-shod hoofs like a stallion. He is dead , said Boxer sorrowfully. Ch6. His two slogans, I will work harder and Napoleon is always right , seemed to him sufficient answer to all problems. I do not understand it. I would not have believed that such things could happen on our farm. It must be due to some fault in ourselves. (ch7) What victory? said Boxer. His knees were bleeding, he had lost a shoe and split his hoof, and a dozen pellets had lodged themselves in his hide. (ch8) Clover Mollie Benjamin Boxer Moses 'Mrs. Jones looked out of the bedroom window, saw what was happening, hurriedly flung a few possessions into a carpet bag Moses sprang off his perch and flapped after her, croaking loudly. , He claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain, , The animals hated Moses because he told tales and did no work , Moses the raven suddenly reappeared on the farm, after an absence of several years. Many of the animals believed him. Their lives now, they reasoned, were hungry and laborious; was it not right and just that a better world should exist somewhere else? They [the pigs] all declared contemptuously that his stories were lies, The three pigs Napoleon Never mind the milk, comrades , He lifted his leg, urinated over the plans and walked out without uttering a word , Napoleon announced that the windmill would be built after all , There were piles of corpses lying at Napoleon s feet Squealer: The animals were not sure what the word meant, but Squealer spoke persuasively , Surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples Snowball At the meetings, Snowball often won over the majority by his brilliant speeches , "Comrade," said Snowball, "those ribbons that you are so devoted to are the badge of slavery. , Can you not understand that liberty is worth more than ribbons? , "Now, comrades," cried Snowball, throwing down the paint-brush, "to the hayfield! Let us make it a point of honour to get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men could do. [this quotation refers to his being chased from the farm] slipped through a hole in the hedge and was seen no more. The Sheep When they had once got it by heart, the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim, start bleating "Four legs good, two legs bad! Four legs good, two legs bad! , It went on for five minutes without stopping. the chance to utter any protest had passed. Muriel Muriel, the goat, could read somewhat , better than the dogs, and sometimes used to read to the others in the evenings from scraps of newspaper which she found on the rubbish heap , Finding herself unable to read more than individual letters, she fetched Muriel . , "It says, 'No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets,"' she announced finally. Mr Frederick terrible stories were leaking out from Pinchfield , He had flogged an old horse to death, he starved his cows, he had killed a dog by throwing it into the furnace, and he amused himself in the evenings by making cocks fight with splinters of razor-blade tied to their spurs. The animals' blood boiled with rage Mr Pilkington These two [Frederick and Pilkington] disliked each other so much that it was difficult for them to come to any agreement . But at the moment the four pigeons who had been sent there [Pilkington s farm] the day before returned bearing a scrap of paper from Pilkington. On it were penciled the words serves you right . Jessie and Bluebell a terrible baying sound outside, escape their snapping jaws. , the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs. The Hens And you hens, how many eggs have you laid in this last year, and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men? , Under the guidance of our leader, Comrade Napoleon, I have laid five eggs in six days ., He [Snowball] formed the Egg Production Committee for the hens. , The hens, who had just come in to lay again, must surrender their eggs. When the hens heard this, they raised a terrible outcry. Minimus Animal Farm, Animal Farm, Never through me shalt thou come to harm
SKILLS Vocabulary Vocabulary AQA POWER & CONFLICT KO Analysis Points: Link to the question Link to the terminology (Lang/Structure evaluating choice) Short Quote(s) Explain meaning and effect both obvious and hidden (explicit and implicit) Zoom in on words/explore connotations and effect Suggest what other readers might think/feel (offering an alternative opinion) Link to the writer s intentions (step out from the close analysis to give an overview of meaning) Explore a linking quote/supporting idea COMPARISON SKILLS: Link to the question for both texts stating the similarity or difference, Give a quote which links to your idea from poem 1 Explain briefly what the quote means Use comparative connectives in your answer to then explain a quote from poem 2 and HOW the quotes are different or the same and what they make you think Sorrowful Conscience Terminology Definition Tempestuous Corruption Imagery visually descriptive or figurative language Arrogant Power Simile comparison between two things using like or as Poignant Philosophical a comparison as if a thing is something else Metaphor Political Significance Onomatopoeia words that sound like their meaning Endemic Delusion Symbolism the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities Noun the name of something Problematic Youthful Personification Giving human qualities to inanimate objects Encouraging Renaissance Adjective a word used to describe Articulating Elegance Verb a word used to describe an action Nightmarish Emotional Adverb often ly words which describes how things are done Rejection Commanding Pronoun Pronouns are used instead of names Subverting Impotence Connotations implied or suggested meanings of words or phrases EXAM REQUIREMENTS 30 mark question Violent Symbolic You will have one poem in front of you and will need to choose your comparison poem carefully and use your memory to compare it to the poem in front of you COMPARISON POEM ESSAY 45 mins (including planning time) Intro link to question. Explain the overall meaning of the poem briefly. Mention time period/context. Throughout the essay choose relevant quotes from the poem and analyse the language, structure and effect of these quotes and then how they link to examples and analysis from the comparison poem you have selected. You must use connectives of comparison. Refer to the question and link to the context regularly. Juxtaposition placing contrasting ideas close together in a text Stereotypical Transience Oxymoron using two terms together, that normally contradict each other Confessional Traumatic Repetition when words or phrases are used more than once in texts Bereavement Desperation Defiance Despair Enjambment incomplete sentences at the end of lines in poetry, where the line runs into the next line Government Distress Caesura a break in the middle of a line of poem using punctuation (. , : ; ) Identity Flashbacks End-stopping punctuation at the end of a line of poetry Comparison Connectives Tentative Phrases Heroic Memories Rhythm A recurring beat in the poem Similarly In contrast /Contrastingly Could Maybe Fearful Sympathising Stanzas the way verses are structured In the same way On the other hand Might Possibly Counteracting Stealth repetition of vowel sounds. Assonance Also However May Perhaps Blame Guilt Consonance Repetition of consonant sounds.
EXCERPT FROM THE PRELUDE I unloosed her chains Proud of his skill heaving like a swan a huge peak, black and huge There hung a darkness, call it solitude Or blank desertion OZYMANDIAS antique land frown wrinkled lip sneer the hand that mocked king of kings lone and level sands stretched far away LONDON MY LAST DUCHESS Looking as if she were alive. none puts by the curtain that I have drawn for you, but I spot of joy I gave commands; then all smiles stopped of mine for dowry BAYONET CHARGE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE chartered street chartered Thames marks in every face marks of weakness, marks of woe half a league, Valley of death Storm dat with shot and shell in every x 5 black ningChurches appals plagues the marriage hearses When can their glory fade? Rode the six hundred and Noble six hundred! REMAINS STORM ON THE ISLAND EXPOSURE POPPIES his sweat heavy legs it up the road The wizened earth has never troubled us Raise a tragic chorus in a gale Merciless iced east winds that knife us Attacks once more in ranks on ranks of shivering ranks of grey sudden successive flights of bullets streak the silence Slowly our ghosts drag home; All their eyes are ice spasms of paper red all my words, flattened, rolled, turned into felt The patriotic tear that had brimmed in his eye I see every round as it rips through his life tosses his guts back into his body skirting the church yard walls, my stomach busy was he the hand pointing that second? threw up a yellow hare that rolled like a flame King, honour, human dignity etcetc Exploding comfortably down on the cliffs Spits like a tame cat turned savage bombarded by the empty air leaned against it like a wishbone The dove pulled freely against the sky, CHECKIN OUT ME HISTORY blood-shadow stays on the street his bloody life in my bloody hands WAR PHOTOGRAPHER TISSUE THE EMIGREE spools of suffering set out in ordered rows ordinary pain the blood stained into foreign dust a hundred agonies in black and white Paper that lets the light shine through pages smoothed and stroked and turned my memory of it is sunlight-clear Dem tell em Blind me to my own identity it may be sick with tyrants Dick Whittington and he cat But Toussaint L Ouverture hopeful stream to freedom river That child s vocabulary banned by the state I have no passport they fall away on a sigh Trace a grand design the reader s eyeballs prick with tears between the bath and pre-lunch beers living tissue I carving out me identity My shadow falls as evidence of sunlight KAMIKAZEE CONTEXT: for each of the poems think about; how different audiences would have perceived the poems; think about the obvious clues in the poem to suggest something about the political, historical or social context; think about what you know about the poet. for a one-way journey little fishing boats strung out like bunting built cairns of pearl-grey pebbles he no longer existed Which had been the better way to die
Ozymandias Oral tradition of storytelling passed from generation to generation The story of Pharaoh Rameses ruler of Egypt who was disliked by his people Shelley was commenting on figures in power and disliked the role of power played in society He was a powerful ruler disliked by his subjects He wasn t important after he died death happens to all (Shattered visage reinforces this) Anthology Context KO AQA Power and Conflict CONTEXT: for each of the poems think about; how different audiences would have perceived the poems; think about the obvious clues in the poem to suggest something about the political, historical or social context; think about what you know about the poet. The Charge of the Light Brigade The narrative poem is a reflection of what happened in the Crimean War when soldiers and horses were ordered to go into the valley and were surprised by the ambush Officers in charge sent them into certain death by mistake shows how men at the time were seen as dispensable Ambushed by the enemy and shows the weaponization of the army which caused many deaths War never seems to stop and we don t seem to learn from the mistakes of the past, rather continue to send men to war and to horrific deaths Tennyson may be criticising the army for sending these men to certain death and exploring the pointlessness of it Extract from The Prelude Able to steal a boat as it has been moored in a quiet spot by one of the many Lakes in the Lake District Wordsworth s childhood was passed in the Lake District and as a romantic poet he enjoyed the great outdoors Embracing nature and the beauty around him and appreciating the moment romantic period reference Nature is very powerful and can impact the emotions of Wordsworth both positively and negatively Lost his parents as a teen and could have felt abandoned and last as a result, because this is a autobiographical poem it reflects events that happened to him & that remained with him My Last Duchess Duke of Ferrara who has had more than one wife and was considered a tyrant Shows an element of patriarchal society where the man is in charge and more important than women 16th Century Duke who thinks he is able to own and possess anything including a person Duke is in control and is an authority figure who will control others 16th century a lot of marriages were arranged and was seen as business transaction where the male is in control patriarchy being shown again London Industrial Revolution was changing the landscape of London as more people migrated from the countryside to work in industry and the streets became overcrowded. Blake was inspired by walking the streets of London and looking upon the misery that was indicated in people that he saw. The choices made by governments and the wealthy was affecting everyone and changing society into an unrecognisable negative world. Blake is commenting on the negative aspects of religion and showing that religion has a moral responsibility to help people overcome the difficult circumstances, but he finds them lacking. Blake wrote this and included it in the Anthology Songs of Experience which suggests he had seen the evils in society and wanted to highlight the wrongdoing of Religion, people and the Government and Royalty Checking out me History Agard was writing to highlight the lack of voices in black history that were recognised History books whitewash the truth and Agard wants this to be recognised Toussaint was a slave who was involved in the Haitian Revolution, but his story is not often told. Shows the colonial education given to black people which eradicated their own historic figures in favour of nursery rhymes Nanny De maroon was a military leader and was know as a beacon of strength and unity Showing that black people are looking into and researching their own history and finding the information written down in history books insufficient and insulting to their heritage Kamikaze A Kamikaze pilot was a suicide pilot and they were supposed to die by crashing into planes it was a matter of honour and this is a strong part of Japanese culture Ordinary life went on for everyone while the suicide fighters undertook their missions Childhood memories often have a great impact on people and the decisions that they make Lost honour by not killing himself and patriotism was more important than family Family honour meant that the narrative in this story values kamikaze pilots who did kill themselves more than those who opted out. A societal conflict is evident
Poppies Context of war and remembrance thinking about remembering those who died in the war Mothers who have lost a child may make poppies and make themselves busy to fill the gap and the loss Remembrance Sunday Parades are well-known War memorials are a symbol of war and the remembrance in most towns across the country and seen as a part of our heritage Birds are often used as symbols in literature and while the wars happening in Iraq and Afghanistan were still raging when Weir wrote this poem perhaps the wider symbolism is the lack of freedom these men have. The poet has not had a son Remains Soldier shoots the bank robber and is haunted by the image replaying of events in the mind of the soldier Mental health of soldiers is impacted by events that they Duty of the soldier to carry on despite the suffering they have endured PTSD Gulf War is referenced here, and the experiences are told as an anecdote by Armitage to bring to life the experiences of the soldiers Macbeth is referenced here so who is the guilty party and emphasises the guilt of the soldier The Emigree Heritage is important and the power of memory for individuals Middle eastern wars are being referenced in the poem and although she is no longer living there she cannot go back as it is not safe Banning a language from being spoken does happen but people continue to secretly speak their language Passports create a sense of belonging to a place and although they are only a small booklet they have wider symbolic significance As a migrant or emigrant there is a sense of belonging that is missing from the new place that you live and a sense that you always long for the past Tissue Could be a reference to religious hope that many people have Records have been written down for centuries and help us to learn more about the past We chart our history through buildings as well as through records Biblically God has a grand design for everyone (if you are religious) and this seems to be alluded to here Extended metaphor in the whole poem compares the architecture of life and paper and buildings to the construct of living Bayonet Charge Telling a story of a bayonet charge and the emotional impact this has on the person at war his fathers experience in WW1 shaped his childhood Many soldiers went into war through a sense of patriotic duty, but found the reality very difficult Individual men wouldn t make a huge difference and they would have questioned the worth of war Mustard gas was a horrific new invention that meant many men and animals suffered horrible painful choking deaths like the death of the hare No reason for going to war seems justifiable. The human sacrifice is too wasteful. War Photographer Newspapers will pay for the pictures that are taken in a war zone in order to publicise it, but don t take into account the human suffering Horrors of war remain with the people who have witnessed it Religious motif and the literary allusion to The Soldier The physical act of taking the photographs captures for eternity the suffering and pain caused by war Life in this country is easy compared to the suffering endured by others in war zones and it is difficult to put yourself in those situations Storm on the Island Being in a cottage on the edge of a cliff during a storm in Ireland feels secure as the cottage has weathered storms before Tragic chorus is an element of Greek tragedy and commenting on what happens On the edge watching the storm and seeing the effects of nature on a rugged landscape Nature being used to show the unpredictability of the weather. Everyone is aware of pets that are tame and malleable but that they are still creatures we can t control, just like we can t control the weather Heaney was Irish and would have been familiar with this landscape Exposure WW1 suggests that people suffered not only from injuries but from the terrible weather and not being inside trenches offered little protection from the harsh reality of winter The poor weather conditions in the war make the long-standing suffering even worse for the soldiers Owen was writing from experience as he suffered through the war War is unpredictable and men were not prepared well enough to cope with the long waits in between a sudden burst of action War is a slow and long process, and nothing happens immediately almost as if men lose hope through the continued suffering they face and the way that they seen to lose a part of themselves Owen died just before the end of the war so writing his experiences helped others to understand and relate to the reality of war and how different elements such as the weather played a part in the misery of the men fascinated by the weather and the way nature manipulated the surroundings
SKILLS Paper Two Literature Section C 20% of Lit GCSE Two previously unseen poems. 1 single poem essay. 1 comparison essay. UNSEEN POETRY KO Analysis Points: Link to the question Link to the terminology (Lang/Structure evaluating choice) Short Quote(s) Explain meaning and effect both obvious and hidden (explicit and implicit) Zoom in on words/explore connotations and effect Suggest what other readers might think/feel (offering an alternative opinion) Link to the writer s intentions (step out from the close analysis to give an overview of meaning) Explore a linking quote/supporting idea Terminology Definition Imagery visually descriptive language Simile comparison between two things using like or as where one thing becomes another in a comparison Metaphor Things to consider comparing: Ideas Themes Effect on reader Writer s intentions Tone Mood and atmosphere Imagery Narrative voice Language techniques Structural techniques Shift of focus Beginning End Onomatopoeia words that sound like their meaning Symbolism the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities EXAM REQUIREMENTS Repetition when words or phrases are used more than once in a piece of writing SINGLE POEM ESSAY 30 mins 24 marks (including planning time) Intro link to question. Explain the overall meaning of the poem briefly. Throughout the essay Choose relevant quotes and analyse the language, structure and effect of these quotes. Refer to the question regularly. Personification Giving human qualities to inanimate objects Persona The voice/ speaker of the poem. Different from the writer. COMPARISON POEM ESSAY 15 mins 8 marks (including planning time) Intro link to question. Explain the overall meaning of the poem briefly. Through the essay Start with the 2nd poem, choose relevant quotes from the poem and analyse the language, structure and effect of these quotes and then how they link to examples and analysis from poem 1. You must use connectives of comparison. Refer to the question regularly. Semantic field A group of words related in meaning. Sonnet A 14 line poem, with a clear rhyme scheme. Usually focuses on love. Emotions Synonyms to describe this feeling or emotion Free-verse A poem that doesn t have any clear rhyme scheme off rhythm. Comparison Connectives Anger Irritated, Annoyed, Rage, Hostility, Agitation, Aggravated, Contempt Similarly Contrastingly Alternate rhyme When alternate lines share the same rhyme scheme (ABAB) Horror, Rage, Mortification, inferiority, Hysterical, Panic, Insecurity Fear In the same way On the other hand Love Tenderness, Desire, Longing, Affection, Caring, Passion, Compassion Rhyming couplet A pair of rhyming lines which follow on from one another (AA, BB) Also However Joy Elated, Enthusiastic, Eager, Hopeful, Enchanted, Rapturous, Delighted Juxtaposition placing contrasting ideas close together in a text In addition Whereas Enjambment incomplete sentences at the end of lines in poetry, where one line runs on to the next for effect Surprise Confusion, Overcome, Stimulated, Astounded, Speechless, Awe-struck, Dismayed Tentative Phrases Could Maybe Caesura a break in the middle of a line of poem using punctuation (. , : ; ) Sadness Disappointed, Suffering, Despair, Dismayed, Hurt, Regretful, Isolated Might Possibly Tension Tense, fraught, dramatic, nerve-wracking, anxiety, stress, strain, straining, stretching, apprehension, pressure, worry End-stopping punctuation at the end of a line of poetry May Perhaps Rhythm A recurring beat in the poem Appears Seems to
