Effective Conclusion Writing Strategies in Winter Intensive 2013 Class 3

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Enhance your conclusion writing skills by mastering the art of restating positions, avoiding common pitfalls, and providing strong reasoning. Explore real-life examples and best practices from Winter Intensive 2013 Class 3 at Soka University World Language Center.

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Winter Intensive 2013 Class 3 Soka University World Language Center Sou Koike

Table of Contents I. Writing an effective conclusion Restatement of position/ reason statements What you should not do in your conclusion Example statement & explanation II. Paraphrasing Basic information How-to Drill Peer feedback Whole-class review: Feedback on volunteers works III. Graded In-Class Assignment (GICA) #02 Conclusion/ Paraphrasing

Winter Intensive 2013 Class 3 WRITING AN EFFECTIVE CONCLUSION

Restatement of position/ reason statement Summarizing any argument in the work Restating the position and reason A final statement about the correctness 2-3 sentences

Sample Do you agree with the following statement? Parents should select their children s friends carefully to make sure those friends reflect proper values. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. In addition to the feelings of resentment a child may have, a final reason parents should not pick their friends is that the children may not get along very well. Another reason I think parents should let children pick their friends is that children may resent a parent who picks their friends. One reason I believe that parents should let children pick their friends is that children need to develop independence. In conclusion, there are many reasons why parents should not pick friends for their children. Children who are allowed to pick their own friends will be more independent and will get along better with friends they ve selected.

What you should not do in your conclusion Don t Don t leave out the thesis. introduce new examples or ideas.

Drill 1 1. It is the teacher s responsibility to make a student learn the material. Summarizing any argument in the work 2. Material on the Internet should be censored or controlled to protect the public. Restating the position and reason 3. Colleges and universities should offer more distance learning courses to accommodate the needs of students. A final statement about the correctness 4. When choosing a career, financial gain should be the most important consideration. 5. Schools should have mandatory testing each year to prove they are meeting minimum educational standards. 2-3 sentences

Winter Intensive 2013 Class 3 PARAPHRASING

Definition The act of expressing the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, esp. to achieve greater clarity

Basic information Understand as a whole Be selective Remember the length can be the same or longer Think of what your own words would be

How-to Look away from the source Take notes

Samples (1) Original: Her life spanned years of incredible change for women. Paraphrase: Mary lived through an era of liberating reform for women. Original: Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay and they can consume 75 pounds of food a day. Paraphrase: A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves and hay everyday. Original: Any trip to Italy should include a visit to Tuscany to sample their exquisite wines. Paraphrase: Be sure to include a Tuscan wine-tasting experience when visiting Italy.

Samples (2) Original Passage: It is well known that exercise helps to alleviate stress. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Association (NHLBA) endorse exercise as a way to reduce stress, and recommends cardiovascular exercise that elevates the heart rate for 15 to 30 minutes--three to four times a week. The American Psychology Association has conducted numerous studies indicating the beneficial effects of exercise in dealing with stress. Exercise releases endorphins into the blood stream. Endorphins are "feel good" hormones and are the body's natural pain-killers. They also generate the sensory perception of physical well-being, which in turn contributes to emotional and mental health. Paraphrased Passage #1: Everyone knows that exercise can help to alleviate stress. In fact, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Association endorse exercise as a good way to cut down on stress and suggests that we need cardiovascular exercise for 15 to 30 minutes three to four times a week. There have also been many studies by the American Psychology Association that show that exercise is a good way to deal with stress. This is because exercise releases endorphins, the "feel good" hormones, into the blood. These hormones also bring about the perception of well-being, so emotional and mental health improves. Paraphrased Passage #2: We all know that exercise is necessary to help us to lose weight and to fight off potentially deadly diseases. But there are two other extremely good reasons to get off the couch and get moving: exercise will make us feel good and can help us fight stress. This is because when we exercise, our bodies release "feel good" hormones called endorphins into our blood stream. As a result, we feel better both physically and emotionally. And, according to the National heart, Lung and Blood Association, all we have to do to get this natural high is elevate our heart rates for 15 to 30 minutes, three to four times a week. Seems like a good trade to me.

Drill 2 1. Kevin is tossing the boll to his son. 2. I like hamburgers. 3. It is bad for your health to eat too much. 4. Jennifer is 37 years old, but she looks younger. 5. Tom is one of the three members who met the president yesterday. 6. What do you like to do on weekends? 7. Where is Atsushi? 8. This university was founded in 1971. 9. Anthony has had a terrible headache since yesterday. 10. You may pick ice cream or melon for dessert.