Early Warning System for Landslides in Sri Lanka

The National Building Research Organisation in Sri Lanka has implemented an Automated Rainfall Monitoring System to issue early warnings for landslides. The system consists of rain gauges installed in vulnerable districts, collecting real-time data and triggering alerts based on rainfall thresholds. Different color codes indicate the severity of the situation, guiding communities on necessary actions for evacuation and safety measures. The information dissemination flow involves various key stakeholders to ensure timely warnings reach the communities at risk.

• Landslides
• Sri Lanka
• Early Warning System
• Rainfall Monitoring
• Disaster Preparedness

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1. EARLY WARNING IN SRI LANKAN LANDSLIDES National Building Research Organisation

2. Main triggering factor for Sri Lankan Landslides Rainfall

3. 619 mm Source: NBRO

4. 267 mm 94mm Source: NBRO

5. Daily Rainfall - 2003 - Ratnapura 400 350 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 300 Rainfall (mm) 250 200 150 100 50 0 11 13 15 Days 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 1 3 5 7 9 Source: NBRO

6. Automated rainfall monitoring system Automated rainfall monitoring system consists of rain gauges with wireless interfaces and a central station. Raingagues are installed in 12 districts including Matale, Kandy, Nuwara-Eliya, Kegalle, Ratnapura, Kalutara, Badulla & some vulnerable parts of Matara, Galle, Hambantota, Monaragala and Kurunegala. The installed system of rain gauges accumulates and delivers the rainfall data of every 30 minutes to a single base, installed at NBRO Head office. Real-time rainfall data from 105 automated rain-gauges are currently being collected and used to issue early warning to vulnerable communities when rainfall intensities reach to certain threshold values.

7. Warning and Evacuation Standard threshold limits of the Rainfall for landslides Colour Code: Yellow: Be on alert on the possibility of landslides, rock falls, subsidence and cut slope failure if the rainfall exceeds 75mm and prevailing bad weather conditions continues within next 24 hours. Alert 75 mm/day Colour Code: Amber: Warning 100mm/day If the rainfall exceeds 100mm and continues within next 24 hours, danger of landslides and cut slope failures exist. Evacuation, Off limit 75 mm/hour or 150mm/day Colour Code: Red: If the rainfall exceeds 150mm and continues within next 24 hours or if the rainfall exceeds 75mm within an hour, evacuate to a safe place.

8. Early Warning Information Dissemination Flow for Landslide Automated Rainfall Information Department of Meteorology NBRO Head Office District Office EOC, DMC Media Key Stakeholders (District Secretary, Divisional Secretary, GN, Triforces etc.) DMC District/DDMCU Divisional Level/GN Community Level

9. Community Based Early Warning The regional early warnings issued by NBRO may not be reached to the actual communities on time or mostly neglected due to its generalized nature. So, it has identified need of community based early warning systems at least for the identified potential landslide areas. Therefore, NBRO has stepped into a community based awareness program. It aims to educate and aware the communities, execute community based preparedness plans. Site-specific automated landslide early warning systems (rain gauge, extensometer and moisture sensor coupled with siren and automatic communication system) are in placed.

12. Number of houses Number of houses planned for planned for relocation relocation No. of houses No. of houses to be relocated to be relocated (Approximate) (Approximate) District District Galle 200 Matara 350 Kaluthara 1650 Rathnapura 1400 Hambanthota 200 Total 3800 Source: GA offices and NBRO district offices