Development of Island-Based Fishery Management Plans by Caribbean Fishery Management Council

Island-based Fishery Management Plans (FMPs) are being developed by the Caribbean Fishery Management Council to tailor fisheries management to the specific needs of each island based on species targeted, gears used, available markets, economies, fisheries, and social and cultural nuances. The discussions include developing criteria to identify species needing management, with actions and alternatives being considered following meetings with District Advisory Panels and the Scientific and Statistical Committee.

• Island-based FMPs
• Fisheries management
• Caribbean
• Criteria development
• District Advisory Panels

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1. Development of Island-Based FMPs Caribbean Fishery Management Council 152ndMeeting 21-22 April 2015 Divi Carina Hotel, St. Croix, USVI

2. Why an Island-Based FMP? Manage the specific fisheries of each Island based on the species targeted, gears used, available markets, economies, fisheries, and social and cultural idiosyncrasies.

3. Actions to Date CFMC Agenda Item in Meetings: 143rd-152nd Scoping Meetings: July 2012; July-August 2013; April 7-14 2014 (reports to 147thand 149thCFMC meetings) SSC Recommendations to CFMC (November 2013 to present) Ad hoc Committee established

4. Actions to Date -Continuation APs Recommendations to CFMC (August 2013) District Advisory Panels (DAPs) established 1stMeeting DAPs (March 2015) Topic of discussion: species selection action and alternatives

5. What is being discussed? Developing criteria for objectively identifying species in need of management in the US Caribbean The criteria will be used separately for each Island FMP: Puerto Rico FMP St. Thomas/St. John FMP St. Croix FMP

6. Action and Alternatives One Action and 3 Alternatives have been considered. These were taken to the DAPs and the SSC

7. Action 1. Determine species to be included for management in the FMP. Alternative 1. No action. All historically managed species within the FMPs. Spiny Lobster FMU = 1 species Reef Fish FMP = 81 species + 58 aquarium trade Queen Conch FMP = 1 species Coral FMP = 94 species or species groups + 63 aquarium trade invertebrates

8. Action 1. Determine species to be included for management in the FMP. Alternative 2. Identify species to be managed in EEZ waters using all or some of the criteria listed below. Criterion A. Species occurrence in state waters. Criterion B. Status of the stock. Criterion C. Species as a component of the catch. Criterion D. Ecologically essential species.

9. Action 1. Determine species to be included for management in the FMP. Alternative 3. Identify species to be managed in EEZ waters using an integrated attributes analysis.

10. Table 1. Example of the attribute-based selection table that would be used to score all the species. Scoring will be conducted by an expert panel and the resultant average score compared against a threshold selected by the Council. Species whose average score is above that threshold will be included for federal management in St. Croix EEZ waters. Species/ Species Complex Habitat Specificity Economic Importance Target Species Ecological Importance Biology Bycatch Score Result Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Species 4

11. Species is out of the FMP Species is in the FMP Landings are available Species without reported landings are out If most of the occurrence is in state waters, the species is out State vs. Federal Action 1 Alternative 3 (Stepwise Approach) If currently listed as overfished, the species is in Protected or Overfished If landing threshold met, the species is in Landings Threshold Species that don t meet the criteria above to be IN or OUT proceed for consideration to the table below IN - Species in FMP Species Biology Habitat Specificity Economic Importance Target Species Bycatch Ecological Importance Score Outcome species X OUT - Species not in FMP

12. St. Croix commercial landings St. Croix mean landings (2012-13) 80,000 Reported landings in pounds 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 PARROTFISH, GRUNT, WHITE WAHOO HIND, RED JACK, BAR TANG, BLUE SNAPPER, GRAY SNAPPER, MUTTON ANGELFISH, FRENCH TRIGGERFISH, QUEEN MACKEREL, KING TUNNY, LITTLE BALLYHOO CONEY SNAPPER, YELLOWTAIL LOBSTERS, SPINY DOLPHIN SCHOOLMASTER CONCH, QUEEN PARROTFISH, QUEEN SURGEON, OCEAN PARROTFISH, REDTAIL ANGELFISH, GRAY SNAPPER, QUEEN PARROTFISH, PRINCESS PARROTFISH, REDBAND SNAPPER, SILK GRUNT, BLUESTRIPED PARROTFISH, REDFIN SNAPPER, BLACKFIN St. Croix landings by mean value (2012-13) 700,000 Value of reported landings in dollars 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 PARROTFISH, WAHOO GRUNT, WHITE JACK, BAR TANG, BLUE HIND, RED TUNA, YELLOWFIN SNAPPER, GRAY SNAPPER, MUTTON TRIGGERFISH, QUEEN MACKEREL, KING CONEY SNAPPER, MAHOGANY LOBSTERS, SPINY DOLPHIN CONCH, QUEEN SCHOOLMASTER TUNNY, LITTLE BALLYHOO SURGEON, OCEAN SNAPPER, YELLOWTAIL PARROTFISH, QUEEN PARROTFISH, REDTAIL SNAPPER, QUEEN PARROTFISH, PRINCESS PARROTFISH, REDBAND SNAPPER, SILK GRUNT, BLUESTRIPED SNAPPER, BLACKFIN PARROTFISH, REDFIN U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 12

13. St. Croix commercial landings species 2012 landings2013 landingsmean landings 86,947 41,869 34,832 36,771 22,262 18,140 8,678 17,475 15,331 17,225 12,684 13,264 11,508 10,017 5,925 3,944 13,012 7,969 10,955 11,043 6,359 11,390 10,696 9,400 7,681 8,193 5,682 6,151 4,984 3,865 species 2012 value 695,578 229,891 257,395 209,344 57,273 103,353 111,310 90,700 87,374 39,107 76,655 69,048 23,667 63,420 66,321 78,074 47,812 50,085 65,731 64,061 62,041 56,401 31,794 56,950 46,083 49,161 23,193 24,920 15,480 29,932 2013 value 475,184 234,746 150,019 168,865 161,134 79,961 68,228 76,323 74,791 120,456 81,321 87,252 113,052 70,880 64,821 51,715 77,663 73,279 57,419 51,711 41,649 44,984 65,944 40,675 39,480 34,960 20,459 13,100 18,888 mean value 585,381 232,319 203,707 189,105 109,204 LOBSTERS, SPINY PARROTFISH, STOPLIGHT DOLPHIN CONCH, QUEEN TRIGGERFISH, QUEEN PARROTFISH, PRINCESS WAHOO PARROTFISH, QUEEN PARROTFISH, REDFIN HIND, RED PARROTFISH, REDTAIL PARROTFISH, REDBAND SNAPPER, BLACKFIN BALLYHOO TUNNY, LITTLE MACKEREL, KING SCHOOLMASTER SNAPPER, SILK CONEY GRUNT, BLUESTRIPED JACK, BAR TANG, BLUE GRUNT, WHITE SNAPPER, YELLOWTAIL SNAPPER, GRAY SNAPPER, MUTTON ANGELFISH, FRENCH ANGELFISH, GRAY SURGEON, OCEAN SNAPPER, QUEEN 59,398 33,773 35,566 21,431 13,646 15,265 24,413 14,958 16,264 13,327 14,176 12,964 14,542 14,656 18,249 18,842 8,619 12,944 9,570 8,915 13,189 8,135 7,181 7,497 6,580 5,827 4,551 2,377 2,620 3,410 73,173 37,821 35,199 29,101 17,954 16,702 16,545 16,217 15,798 15,276 13,430 13,114 13,025 12,336 12,087 11,393 10,816 10,456 10,262 9,979 9,774 9,763 8,938 8,449 7,130 7,010 5,117 4,264 3,802 3,638 LOBSTERS, SPINY DOLPHIN CONCH, QUEEN PARROTFISH, STOPLIGHT WAHOO HIND, RED TRIGGERFISH, QUEEN PARROTFISH, PRINCESS PARROTFISH, QUEEN TUNNY, LITTLE PARROTFISH, REDFIN SNAPPER, BLACKFIN MACKEREL, KING PARROTFISH, REDTAIL PARROTFISH, REDBAND SCHOOLMASTER SNAPPER, SILK BALLYHOO CONEY GRUNT, BLUESTRIPED GRUNT, WHITE SNAPPER, YELLOWTAIL JACK, BAR TANG, BLUE SNAPPER, GRAY SNAPPER, MUTTON SNAPPER, QUEEN SURGEON, OCEAN SNAPPER, MAHOGANY TUNA, YELLOWFIN 91,657 89,769 83,512 81,083 79,782 78,988 78,150 68,360 67,150 65,571 64,895 62,738 61,682 61,575 57,886 51,845 50,693 48,869 48,813 42,782 42,061 21,826 19,010 17,184 17,052 4,171 U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 13

14. Species Selection Criteria Island-based FMPs Concept of Thresholds Are there upper and lower thresholds (lbs,$) for inclusion and/or exclusion of species? Where would thresholds be applied? Can concept of Ecosystem Component Species be applied? Habitat Specificity Range Target Species Bycatch Yearly Mean Landings Ecological Value Protected/Managed Resource Economic Importance

15. Species Selection Criteria Concept of Thresholds St. Thomas/St.John 101 species (or groups) St. Croix 99 species Puerto Rico Commercial 174 species Recreational 226 species All included species need ACLs

16. Species Selection Criteria Concept of Thresholds Example: Puerto Rico commercial landings 48 species within 99% cumulative landings 125 species above 99% Those above range from 3,000 lbs to 1 lb average But include Nassau, goliath, yellowfin & yellowedge groupers Rainbow parrotfish Cubera, dog, gray, schoolmaster & mahogony snappers Sharks and rays Problems with FMUs and data at family level

17. Draft Criteria Biology defined as question of vulnerability/productivity. Is species particularly at risk? Habitat Specificity defined as a question of vulnerability due to particular dependence on limited or vulnerable habitat during some life stage Range defined as whether species is either 1) effectively limited to local waters, 2) limited to EEZ, 3) spans both, or 4) is a HMS [=State vs EEZ] Economic Importance defined as total economic value, not just ex-vessel price. This would include, for example, nonconsumptive use, recreational value, targeted species, filler species and socio-cultural importance

18. Draft Criteria Target species vs Bycatch Landings to be used first to establish lower and upper thresholds for automatic rejection from or inclusion in an FMP, respectively. Ecological Value Importance defined as having a unique or large ecological function relative to habitat (esp. coral reefs), or trophic/community structure, e.g., keystone species, apex predator, key forage species such that management is needed to sustain that function. Protected/Management Status defined as whether the species is fully protected or partially protected within an existing management framework within EEZ or local waters

19. Recommendations to CFMC DAP Puerto Rico PR DAP meeting March 11 2015.docx DAP St. Thomas/St. John STT DAP meeting March 18 2015.docx DAP St. Croix STX DAP meeting March 16 2015.docx SSC SSC Report March 2015 draft.docx

20. Choosing Species to Manage in the U.S. Caribbean DISCUSSION REVISED Alternative Approach 3 (DAPs): 3) Use a stepwise selection process: A) Include for management those species that are classified as overfished in U.S. Caribbean waters based on NOAA Fisheries determination, or for which historically identified harvest is now prohibited due to their ecological importance as habitat (corals presently included in the Corals and Reef Associated Plants and Invertebrates FMP) or habitat engineers (midnight, blue, rainbow parrotfish); B) From the remainder, exclude from federal management those species that have been determined to not occur in federal waters based on expert analysis of the species distribution and range; C) From the remainder, consider the species as a component of the catch; D) From the remainder, apply an integrated attributes analysis: score the remaining species using a tabular approach, with those scoring above a threshold level included for federal management.