Cryptography in the Digital World
Introduction to
Cryptography
Vipul Goyal
Vipul Goyal
Spring 2018
2
Today’s Lecture
•
Class structure, grading
•
Flavor of the material: covered / not covered
•
Background needed
•
Course Website:
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~goyal/15503.html
(Planning around 25 lectures)
•
Waitlist: will clear
3
Grading
•
Three homework assignments:
–
10% each, total 30%
•
Late: 0-24 hour late lose 50% value, more than 24
hour late lose 90%
•
You can collaborate with other students on
homework problems
•
However: you must write the solutions
on your own
•
Must also list the names of students you
collaborated with for each problem
•
Do not collaborate with more than 2 students
4
Grading
•
Scribe notes: 20%
•
Each student: 2 lectures
•
Scribe notes due 3 days after the class
–
Must use LaTex. Template available.
•
Revision due 1 week after the class
•
Upload on website 1 week after the class
5
Grading
•
Mid-term (in class): 25%
•
Final (take home): 25%
•
Extra credits: Class participation
–
Based only on quantity rather than quality of
questions!
•
Other misc:
–
Office hours: after class / by email
–
Waitlist
6
Pre-requisites
No background in Cryptography/Security necessary.
Following needed:
•
Basic mathematical maturity, e.g., comfortable with
``Definitions'' and ``Proofs''
•
Basic familiarity with probability
–
Random experiments and Random Variables,
–
Expectation, Union Bound, Conditional Probability
•
Basic familiarity with asymptotic (Big-O) notation, P
and NP complexity classes, Turing machines,
Circuits. Plus: strong puzzle solving skills.
•
Self-enforced
7
Cryptography
•
Life becoming more digital
–
Crypto: defines the rules of digital world
–
Imagine a society w/o rules
•
Classical motivation: secret communication
•
Code designing / code breaking: at least 2000 years
of recorded history
8
Cryptography Boom
•
Cryptocurrencies
–
Digital/electronic banking: proxy for physical banking,
need trust in bank/govt
–
Last few years: cryptocurrencies/blockchains
–
Bitcoin, Ethereum, …
•
Failure of security enforced by code
–
One data breach after another
–
Common to all: data stored in clear
–
Need encryption / new type of crypto
•
Haven’t seen: crypto being broken in real world. Why?
9
This Course:
Modern
Cryptography
•
Focus: rigorous security analysis
–
Foundation of modern crypto
•
Heuristic approaches (last several decades)
–
I can’t break it. Must be secure!
–
Deployed
–
Broken
•
Need provable security
10
Modern Cryptography
•
Reduction based security proofs
–
Algo to break scheme -> Algo to break factoring
•
What does “breaking” mean? Security of the
scheme must be defined first
•
3 steps approach:
–
Define
–
Build
–
Prove
11
Will Not Cover
•
Designing symmetric ciphers
–
AES, SHA-256, …
•
Designing symmetric ciphers
•
See list of topics on class webpage
12
TA
•
Yanzun Huang
•
yanzunh@andrew.cmu.edu
•
Will hold weekly office hours. Fridays 3-4pm (GHC
4101)
.
Uncover the world of cryptography with a focus on digital advancements, emphasizing the importance of rules in society. Delve into the history of secret communication, code design, and breaking. Explore the rise of cryptocurrencies, digital banking, and blockchain technologies, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Prepare for a comprehensive course on cryptography essentials and its applications in today's digital landscape.
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Presentation Transcript
Introduction to Cryptography Vipul Goyal Spring 2018
Todays Lecture Class structure, grading Flavor of the material: covered / not covered Background needed Course Website: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~goyal/15503.html (Planning around 25 lectures) Waitlist: will clear 2
Grading Three homework assignments: 10% each, total 30% Late: 0-24 hour late lose 50% value, more than 24 hour late lose 90% You can collaborate with other students on homework problems However: you must write the solutions on your own Must also list the names of students you collaborated with for each problem Do not collaborate with more than 2 students 3
Grading Scribe notes: 20% Each student: 2 lectures Scribe notes due 3 days after the class Must use LaTex. Template available. Revision due 1 week after the class Upload on website 1 week after the class 4
Grading Mid-term (in class): 25% Final (take home): 25% Extra credits: Class participation Based only on quantity rather than quality of questions! Other misc: Office hours: after class / by email Waitlist 5
Pre-requisites No background in Cryptography/Security necessary. Following needed: Basic mathematical maturity, e.g., comfortable with ``Definitions'' and ``Proofs'' Basic familiarity with probability Random experiments and Random Variables, Expectation, Union Bound, Conditional Probability Basic familiarity with asymptotic (Big-O) notation, P and NP complexity classes, Turing machines, Circuits. Plus: strong puzzle solving skills. Self-enforced 6
Cryptography Life becoming more digital Crypto: defines the rules of digital world Imagine a society w/o rules Classical motivation: secret communication Code designing / code breaking: at least 2000 years of recorded history 7
Cryptography Boom Cryptocurrencies Digital/electronic banking: proxy for physical banking, need trust in bank/govt Last few years: cryptocurrencies/blockchains Bitcoin, Ethereum, Failure of security enforced by code One data breach after another Common to all: data stored in clear Need encryption / new type of crypto Haven t seen: crypto being broken in real world. Why? 8
This Course: Modern Cryptography Focus: rigorous security analysis Foundation of modern crypto Heuristic approaches (last several decades) I can t break it. Must be secure! Deployed Broken Need provable security 9
Modern Cryptography Reduction based security proofs Algo to break scheme -> Algo to break factoring What does breaking mean? Security of the scheme must be defined first 3 steps approach: Define Build Prove 10
Will Not Cover Designing symmetric ciphers AES, SHA-256, Designing symmetric ciphers See list of topics on class webpage 11
TA Yanzun Huang yanzunh@andrew.cmu.edu Will hold weekly office hours. Fridays 3-4pm (GHC 4101) 12
