Competition and Fair Trading in Trinidad and Tobago
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
S
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
C
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
e
o
n
T
r
a
d
e
a
n
d
R
e
l
a
t
e
d
M
a
t
t
e
r
s
Overview
What is Competition
Benefits of Competition
History
Fair Trading Act
About the Commission and our work
International Agreements
Commission’s Focus Areas
Advice
Final Thoughts
What is Competition
A situation in a market in which firms
or sellers independently strive for
buyers’ patronage in order to attain a
particular business objective, in most
cases profit, market shares, and/or
sales (OECD 1993:22)
Increased competition is an important
way for firms to grow to efficient sizes
Competition and
Competitiveness
Competition is an important driver of
competitiveness as it encourages
entrepreneurial activities and market entry
Effective Competition policy and law can
promote competitiveness and an
economy’s growth prospects and can work
with other complementary policies and
strategies to enhance trade and
investment and resource mobilization
H
i
s
t
o
r
y
Competition policy was introduced in
Trinidad and Tobago, as part of the
Economic Reform of the early 1990s and
was intended to serve as a complement
to other policies geared towards trade
and market liberalization
Fair Trading Act was passed in 2006
Fair Trading Commission established in
2014
The Fair Trading Act
The Fair Trading Act
creates an institutional framework for the
enforcement of competition policy in Trinidad and Tobago and
deals
with many major issues including:
(i)
the abuse of monopoly power (dominant position is defined as
controlling more than 40% of the market)
(ii)
anti-competitive mergers
(iii)
anti-competitive agreements and
(iv)
The enforcement of the relevant clauses or enforcement
measures.
Parts II, IV, V, VI, VIII have already been proclaimed
Specific anti-competitive practices that are prohibited under the Act include
resale price maintenance, price fixing, collusion and cartels and bid rigging
The
Act is of general application. There are however certain sectors where the
Act does not apply including:
(i)
Securities Industry
(ii)
Telecoms
(iii)
Banking Industry
(iv)
Intellectual Property
(v)
Professional Associations/Collective Bargaining Situations
The Commission
Independent Statutory Body
Our main purposes are to:
(i) promote and maintain effective competition
throughout the economy, and to ensure that
competition is not distorted, restricted or
prevented
(ii) ensure that all legitimate business enterprises
have an equal opportunity to participate in the
economy
(iii) prevent anti- competitive conduct while at the
same time complementing policies that promote
competition
(iv) take action against anti-competitive practices
Powers
Our powers include the power to
(i)
carry out investigations
(ii)
summon and examine witnesses
(iii)
to call for, require the production of and
examine documents in connection with
an investigation and
(iv)
to direct an enterprise to take such
steps as are necessary and reasonable.
The Commission can take to Court any
business or individual who has been found
guilty of anti-competitive practices and
has failed to take corrective measures
Court’s Enforcement Powers
prohibit an agreement from being made or
carried out
order that an agreement be terminated or
modified
prohibit any extraneous conditions being
attached to transactions
prohibit the acquisition of another company or
require that certain undertakings be entered
into
Impose Fines (up to 10% of annual turnover)
C
A
R
I
C
O
M
-
C
o
s
t
a
R
i
c
a
F
T
A
Standing Committee on Anti-competitive business
practices established to monitor the
implementation of the provisions of the Agreement
There is a short Competition Policy Chapter i.e.
Chapter 5
The Parties agree to make an effort to establish
mechanisms to facilitate and promote the
development of competition policy and to
guarantee the application of regulations on free
competition in and between the Parties
This may involve adopting a more elaborate
Competition Policy Chapter and Work Program in
the near future.
Costa Rica has an established competition law
framework in place with a national competition
agency (COPROCOM) established in 1996
C
A
R
I
C
O
M
-
D
o
m
i
n
i
c
a
n
R
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
F
T
A
Committee on Anti-Competitive Business
Practices (Article XIV)
Annex I, Article XI Anti-Competitive Business
Practices as it relates to Goods
Annex II, Article XVII, Anti-Competitive
Business Practices as it relates to Services
Procompetencia is the name of the
Dominican Republic’s Competition authority
and was established in 2008
Economic Partnership Agreement between the
CARIFORUM States and the European
Community
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
1
2
6
-
P
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
The Parties acknowledge that anti-competitive business practices have the
potential to distort the proper functioning of markets and the benefits of
trade liberalisation
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
1
2
7
-
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
The Parties shall ensure that within five years of the entry into force of this
Agreement they have laws in force addressing restrictions on competition
and have established a Competition Authority
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
1
2
8
-
E
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
Any Competition Authority may inform the other Competition Authorities of
any information it possesses which indicates that anticompetitive business
practices are taking place in the other Party's territory
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
1
3
0
-
C
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
The Parties agree on the importance of technical assistance and capacity-
building and agree to cooperate, including by facilitating support
Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas
Article 169 Objectives of Community Competition Policy
The goal shall be to ensure that the benefits expected
from the establishment of the CSME are not frustrated by
anti-competitive business conduct
Article 170 Implementation of Competition Policy
The Member States shall take the necessary legislative
measures to ensure consistency and compliance with the
rules of competition and establish and maintain
institutional arrangements and administrative procedures
to enforce competition laws
Article 171- Establishment of a CARICOM Competition
Commission
The Commission may, make determinations or take action
to inhibit and penalise enterprises whose business
conduct prejudices trade or prevents, restricts or distorts
competition within the CSME
Other Trade Agreements
No Competition Chapters in the signed
Partial Scope Agreements between Trinidad
and Tobago and Panama, Colombia and
Venezuela nor the still in progress
Agreements with Guatemala and El Salvador
Competition was one of the ‘Singapore’
issues on the WTO Agenda however there
have been no material developments in this
area
There was a Competition Chapter during the
FTAA negotiations that have now been
stalled
Commission’s Focus Areas
Continued Staff Recruitment
Continued Stakeholder-focussed
Presentations
Entering into MOUs with other
Regulators nationally, regionally and
internationally
Starting a public awareness
campaign focussed on the benefits
of competition
Advice to Stakeholders
Don’t discuss prices with competitors
Don’t agree with competitors to restrict or increase levels
of production
Don’t divide customers, markets or territories with
competitors
Don’t require a customer to buy products only from you
unless you get advice and approval from legal counsel
Don’t agree with competitors to boycott suppliers or
customers
Don’t use one product as leverage to force or induce a
customer to purchase another product without consulting
legal counsel
Don’t cover up wrongdoings, report it immediately to legal
counsel or to the Commission
Final Thoughts
Competitive markets can and do
contribute to productivity, cost
efficiency, low prices, innovation and
therefore economic growth
Try to ensure that your practices are in
accordance with the legislation
The TTFTC has a responsibility to do as
much as possible to ensure that our
policies are coherent and properly
communicated.
Thank you for your attention!
:
tandtftc@gmail.com
This presentation covers the importance of competition, the history of competition policy in Trinidad and Tobago, the establishment of the Fair Trading Act and Commission, and the key aspects of the Act including the prohibition of anti-competitive practices. Learn about the benefits of competition, its role in promoting competitiveness, and how effective competition policy can drive economic growth.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Presentation to the Standing Presentation to the Standing Committee on Trade and Committee on Trade and Related Matters Related Matters
Overview What is Competition Benefits of Competition History Fair Trading Act About the Commission and our work International Agreements Commission s Focus Areas Advice Final Thoughts
What is Competition A situation in a market in which firms or sellers independently strive for buyers patronage in order to attain a particular business objective, in most cases profit, market shares, and/or sales (OECD 1993:22) Increased competition is an important way for firms to grow to efficient sizes
Competition and Competitiveness Competition is an important driver of competitiveness as it encourages entrepreneurial activities and market entry Effective Competition policy and law can promote competitiveness and an economy s growth prospects and can work with other complementary policies and strategies to enhance trade and investment and resource mobilization
History History Competition policy was introduced in Trinidad and Tobago, as part of the Economic Reform of the early 1990s and was intended to serve as a complement to other policies geared towards trade and market liberalization Fair Trading Act was passed in 2006 Fair Trading Commission established in 2014
The Fair Trading Act The Fair Trading Act creates an institutional framework for the enforcement of competition policy in Trinidad and Tobago and deals with many major issues including: the abuse of monopoly power (dominant position is defined as controlling more than 40% of the market) anti-competitive mergers anti-competitive agreements and The enforcement of the relevant clauses or enforcement measures. Parts II, IV, V, VI, VIII have already been proclaimed Specific anti-competitive practices that are prohibited under the Act include resale price maintenance, price fixing, collusion and cartels and bid rigging The Act is of general application. There are however certain sectors where the Act does not apply including: Securities Industry Telecoms Banking Industry Intellectual Property Professional Associations/Collective Bargaining Situations (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
The Commission Independent Statutory Body Our main purposes are to: (i) promote and maintain effective competition throughout the economy, and to ensure that competition is not distorted, restricted or prevented (ii) ensure that all legitimate business enterprises have an equal opportunity to participate in the economy (iii) prevent anti- competitive conduct while at the same time complementing policies that promote competition (iv) take action against anti-competitive practices
Powers Our powers include the power to (i) carry out investigations (ii) summon and examine witnesses (iii) to call for, require the production of and examine documents in connection with an investigation and (iv) to direct an enterprise to take such steps as are necessary and reasonable. The Commission can take to Court any business or individual who has been found guilty of anti-competitive practices and has failed to take corrective measures
Courts Enforcement Powers prohibit an agreement from being made or carried out order that an agreement be terminated or modified prohibit any extraneous conditions being attached to transactions prohibit the acquisition of another company or require that certain undertakings be entered into Impose Fines (up to 10% of annual turnover)
CARICOM CARICOM- -Costa Rica FTA Costa Rica FTA Standing Committee on Anti-competitive business practices established to monitor the implementation of the provisions of the Agreement There is a short Competition Policy Chapter i.e. Chapter 5 The Parties agree to make an effort to establish mechanisms to facilitate and promote the development of competition policy and to guarantee the application of regulations on free competition in and between the Parties This may involve adopting a more elaborate Competition Policy Chapter and Work Program in the near future. Costa Rica has an established competition law framework in place with a national competition agency (COPROCOM) established in 1996
CARICOM CARICOM- - Dominican Republic FTA Dominican Republic FTA Committee on Anti-Competitive Business Practices (Article XIV) Annex I, Article XI Anti-Competitive Business Practices as it relates to Goods Annex II, Article XVII, Anti-Competitive Business Practices as it relates to Services Procompetencia is the name of the Dominican Republic s Competition authority and was established in 2008
Economic Partnership Agreement between the CARIFORUM States and the European Community Article 126- Principles Principles The Parties acknowledge that anti-competitive business practices have the potential to distort the proper functioning of markets and the benefits of trade liberalisation Article 127- Implementation Implementation The Parties shall ensure that within five years of the entry into force of this Agreement they have laws in force addressing restrictions on competition and have established a Competition Authority Article 128- Exchange of information and enforcement cooperation Exchange of information and enforcement cooperation Any Competition Authority may inform the other Competition Authorities of any information it possesses which indicates that anticompetitive business practices are taking place in the other Party's territory Article 130- Cooperation Cooperation The Parties agree on the importance of technical assistance and capacity- building and agree to cooperate, including by facilitating support
Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas Article 169 Objectives of Community Competition Policy The goal shall be to ensure that the benefits expected from the establishment of the CSME are not frustrated by anti-competitive business conduct Article 170 Implementation of Competition Policy The Member States shall take the necessary legislative measures to ensure consistency and compliance with the rules of competition and establish and maintain institutional arrangements and administrative procedures to enforce competition laws Article 171- Establishment of a CARICOM Competition Commission The Commission may, make determinations or take action to inhibit and penalise enterprises whose business conduct prejudices trade or prevents, restricts or distorts competition within the CSME
Other Trade Agreements No Competition Chapters in the signed Partial Scope Agreements between Trinidad and Tobago and Panama, Colombia and Venezuela nor the still in progress Agreements with Guatemala and El Salvador Competition was one of the Singapore issues on the WTO Agenda however there have been no material developments in this area There was a Competition Chapter during the FTAA negotiations that have now been stalled
Commissions Focus Areas Continued Staff Recruitment Continued Stakeholder-focussed Presentations Entering into MOUs with other Regulators nationally, regionally and internationally Starting a public awareness campaign focussed on the benefits of competition
Advice to Stakeholders Don t discuss prices with competitors Don t agree with competitors to restrict or increase levels of production Don t divide customers, markets or territories with competitors Don t require a customer to buy products only from you unless you get advice and approval from legal counsel Don t agree with competitors to boycott suppliers or customers Don t use one product as leverage to force or induce a customer to purchase another product without consulting legal counsel Don t cover up wrongdoings, report it immediately to legal counsel or to the Commission
Final Thoughts Competitive markets can and do contribute to productivity, cost efficiency, low prices, innovation and therefore economic growth Try to ensure that your practices are in accordance with the legislation The TTFTC has a responsibility to do as much as possible to ensure that our policies are coherent and properly communicated.
Thank you for your attention! Email: tandtftc@gmail.com
