Color Theory: Basics and Applications
COLOUR THEORY
prof. Suvarna Lavand Naik
•
There are three basic categories of color theory that are
logical and useful :
The color wheel, color harmony, and the
context of how colors are used.
Color theory encompasses a multitude of definitions,
concepts and design applications - enough to fill several
encyclopedias. However, there are three basic categories
of color theory that are logical and useful : The color
wheel, color harmony, and the context of how colors are
used.
Color theories create a logical structure for color. For
example, if we have an assortment of fruits and
vegetables, we can organize them by color and place
them on a circle that shows the colors in relation to each
other.
The Color Wheel
•
The color wheel is divided into three categories:
primary, secondary, and tertiary.
•
The three
primary colors
are red, yellow and
blue.
•
These colors are considered to be foundation
colors because they are used to create all other
colors.
•
Primary Colors
: Red, yellow and blue
In traditional color theory (used in paint and pigments),
primary colors are the 3 pigment colors that cannot be
mixed or formed by any combination of other colors. All
other colors are derived from these 3 hues.
•
Secondary Colors
: Green, orange and purple
These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors.
Tertiary Colors:
Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple,
blue-purple, blue-green & yellow-green
These are the colors formed by mixing a primary and a
secondary color. That's why the hue is a two word name,
such as blue-green, red-violet, and yellow-orange.
•
Color Harmony
PRIMARY COLOUR
Red,
Yellow
Blue
.
SECONDARY COLOUR
•
Green, orange
•
1 Orange-
Red
into
Yellow
.
2.
Green
- Mix
Blue
into
Yellow
.
3.
Purple
/
Violet
- Mix
Red
into
Blue
. purple
TERTIARY COLOUR
The six
tertiary colors
are made by
combining a primary and an adjacent
secondary color.
These colors are
1 Yellow orange
2 red-orange,
3 Red violet
4 Blue violet
5 blue-green
6 Yellow green
Color Terms
•
Color Harmony
: using colors in a pleasing
way.
•
Color Scheme
: the make up of colors
•
Hue
: color, any color
•
Intensity
: the brightness and dullness of a
color
•
Value
: the lightness or darkness of a color.
Value
•
A tint of a color is made by adding white.
•
A shade is made by adding black.
•
Toning is made by adding gray.
COLOR HARMONY
Intensity
•
Intensity (also called chroma or saturation) is
the
brightness or dullness of a color
. A color as we see it
on a color wheel is at full intensity (bright). When
we mix it with gray, black, or white, it becomes dull.
Colors also lose intensity when mixed with their
complement (the opposite color on the wheel).
HUE
Hue refers to the origin of the color we see. Think
of the Hue as one of the six
Primary and
Secondary
colors.
In other words, the
underlying
base color of the mixture
you're looking at is
either
Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Blue or Green.
COLOR SCHEME
•
Complimentary
•
Double complimentary
•
Split complimentary
•
Terad
•
Triadic
•
Polychromatic
•
Monochromatic
•
Analogous
•
Neutral
•
Acrobatic
•
Warm color
•
Cool color
Complementary Colors
•
If two hues are opposite each other on the
color wheel they are considered to be
complementary colors.
•
When used together in a design they make
each other seem
brighter and more
intense. (example:
red and green)
Mixed together
makes brown
Split Complementary
•
This color scheme uses three colors: any hue
and the two adjacent to its complement.
(example: red,
yellow-green,
and blue-green)
Triadic
•
This scheme also uses three colors. They are
evenly spaced from each other.
(example: red, yellow, and blue)
Double Complement
•
Made of colors that are adjacent to both
direct complements.
(example: yellow and
violet, blue and orange)
Tetrad
•
This scheme uses four
colors evenly spaced on
the color wheel.
•
A primary, secondary
and two tertiary colors
are used.
(example: red, green,
yellow-orange, and
blue-violet)
Polychromatic
•
Use any 4 or more
colors from the colors
wheel.
Polychromatic
•
Use any 4 or more
colors from the colors
wheel.
Monochromatic
•
A color scheme using one color,
and tints, tones and shades of
that color.
Analogous
•
A color scheme using colors next
to each other on the color wheel.
Note that even though these are very bright hues of 5 colors next to each other on the
color wheel, that they are analogous, even though they are bright.
Neutral
•
A color scheme using
whites, blacks, grays
and beiges.
Achromatic
Warm and cool color
•
Colors on the warm
side of the
spectrum…red,
yellow, orange
•
Colors on the cool
side of the
spectrum…blue,
violet, green
.
Choosing Color Schemes…
•
Select your favorite color
•
Add to an established color scheme
•
Select colors based on the feelings or mood you wish to
create.
•
Evaluate parts of the room that cannot be changed, then
consider color choices that will complement existing
furnishings.
•
Select colors that complement a particular work of art (quilt,
favorite picture, etc.)
•
Select colors that complement a chosen fabric or wallpaper.
Color theory encompasses the color wheel, color harmony, and how colors are used. It provides a logical structure for organizing and creating colors. Primary, secondary, and tertiary colors play key roles in this theory, along with concepts like color harmony and context. By understanding color theory, you can effectively use colors in various design applications.
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Presentation Transcript
COLOUR THEORY prof. Suvarna Lavand Naik
There are three basic categories of color theory that are logical and useful : The color wheel, color harmony, and the context of how colors are used. The color wheel, color harmony, and the context of how colors are used. Color theory encompasses a multitude of definitions, concepts and design applications - enough to fill several encyclopedias. However, there are three basic categories of color theory that are logical and useful : The color wheel, color harmony, and the context of how colors are used. Color theories create a logical structure for color. For example, if we have an assortment of fruits and vegetables, we can organize them by color and place them on a circle that shows the colors in relation to each other.
The Color Wheel The color wheel is divided into three categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The three primary colors primary colors are red, yellow and blue. These colors are considered to be foundation colors because they are used to create all other colors.
Primary Colors In traditional color theory (used in paint and pigments), primary colors are the 3 pigment colors that cannot be mixed or formed by any combination of other colors. All other colors are derived from these 3 hues. Primary Colors: Red, yellow and blue Secondary Colors These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors. Secondary Colors: Green, orange and purple Tertiary Colors: blue-purple, blue-green & yellow-green These are the colors formed by mixing a primary and a secondary color. That's why the hue is a two word name, such as blue-green, red-violet, and yellow-orange. Color Harmony Tertiary Colors: Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple,
PRIMARY COLOUR Red, Yellow Blue.
SECONDARY COLOUR Green, orange 1 Orange- Red 2. Green 3. Purple Red into Yellow Blue into Yellow Purple/Violet Yellow. Green- Mix Blue Violet- Mix Red Yellow. Red into Blue Blue. purple
TERTIARY COLOUR The six tertiary colors combining a primary and an adjacent secondary color. These colors are 1 Yellow orange 2 red-orange, 3 Red violet 4 Blue violet 5 blue-green 6 Yellow green tertiary colors are made by
Color Terms Color Harmony: using colors in a pleasing way. Color Scheme: the make up of colors Hue: color, any color Intensity: the brightness and dullness of a color Value: the lightness or darkness of a color.
Value A tint of a color is made by adding white. A shade is made by adding black. Toning is made by adding gray.
Intensity Intensity (also called chroma or saturation) is the brightness or dullness of a color on a color wheel is at full intensity (bright). When we mix it with gray, black, or white, it becomes dull. Colors also lose intensity when mixed with their complement (the opposite color on the wheel). the brightness or dullness of a color. A color as we see it
HUE Hue refers to the origin of the color we see. Think of the Hue as one of the six Primary and Secondary base color of the mixture either Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Blue or Green. Primary and Secondary colors. base color of the mixture you're looking at is Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Blue or Green. colors. In other words, the underlying underlying
COLOR SCHEME Complimentary Double complimentary Split complimentary Terad Triadic Polychromatic Monochromatic Analogous Neutral Acrobatic Warm color Cool color
Complementary Colors If two hues are opposite each other on the color wheel they are considered to be complementary colors. When used together in a design they make each other seem brighter and more intense. (example: red and green) Mixed together makes brown
Split Complementary This color scheme uses three colors: any hue and the two adjacent to its complement. (example: red, yellow-green, and blue-green)
Triadic This scheme also uses three colors. They are evenly spaced from each other. (example: red, yellow, and blue)
Double Complement Made of colors that are adjacent to both direct complements. (example: yellow and violet, blue and orange)
Tetrad This scheme uses four colors evenly spaced on the color wheel. A primary, secondary and two tertiary colors are used. (example: red, green, yellow-orange, and blue-violet)
Polychromatic Use any 4 or more colors from the colors wheel.
Polychromatic Use any 4 or more colors from the colors wheel.
Monochromatic A color scheme using one color, and tints, tones and shades of that color. Blue Blue-violet Blue-green Violet Green Red-violet Yellow-green Red Yellow Red-orange Yellow-orange Orange
Analogous A color scheme using colors next to each other on the color wheel. Blue Blue-violet Blue-green Violet Green Red-violet Yellow-green Red Yellow Red-orange Yellow-orange Orange Note that even though these are very bright hues of 5 colors next to each other on the color wheel, that they are analogous, even though they are bright.
Neutral A color scheme using whites, blacks, grays and beiges.
Warm and cool color Colors on the warm side of the spectrum red, yellow, orange Colors on the cool side of the spectrum blue, violet, green.
Choosing Color Schemes Select your favorite color Add to an established color scheme Select colors based on the feelings or mood you wish to create. Evaluate parts of the room that cannot be changed, then consider color choices that will complement existing furnishings. Select colors that complement a particular work of art (quilt, favorite picture, etc.) Select colors that complement a chosen fabric or wallpaper.
