Cognitive Problem-Solving Techniques in Everyday Situations
Unit 9: Ungraded
review questions
Can you explain your
answer?
Use your fingers to indicate your
answer: 1=A, 2=B, 3=C, 4=D.
After viewing the question, show
me your answer in 15 seconds.
Next, turn to your neighbor and
you have one minute to convince
him/her that you are right.
A.
provide as many guidelines as possible to the
students so that they can follow each procedure
step by step.
B.
encourage students to solve problems based on
the methods of Gestalt psychology.
C.
reinforce learning according to Skinnerian
behaviorism.
D.
present ill-defined problems to students and let
them learn from failures and misconceptions.
According to the philosophy of education
proposed by Paul Lockhart and Kaphur, a
good teacher should
A.
people arrive at the solution to an insight problem
suddenly, but proceed more methodically towards
the solution of a non-insight problem.
B.
a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution
to a problem.
C.
people often have to backtrack within the problem
space to arrive at an answer to a problem.
D.
the way the problem is represented can influence
the ease of problem solving.
The world champion of hot dog eating uses
the Solomon method to beat his rivals in
almost every contest. He conceptualizes the
problem as how hot dogs can fit into the
stomach. This example demonstrates that
A.
Insight problem-solving
B.
Divergent thinking
C.
Counterfactual reasoning
D.
Non-insight problem solving
Lee and Shea (2018) wrote, “Have you ever thought about
where the Wright brothers, the aviation pioneers, found the
solutions to the problem of flight? They acquired their first idea by
observing how birds control their wings. As in many engineering
processes, failures occurred. The Wright brothers built numerous
prototypes in various sizes to test different components. They
performed many trials and made repeated changes after each
failure before they could claim even partial success. They had to
develop the wings, the motor, the struts, the seating, the
balance and the relationships between each of the
components before the development of their first airplane.” This
is an example of:
Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch
for the family. When she was ready to dish up the soup,
she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle
but couldn't find one. She decided to wait until her
mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was,
leaving the soup in the stove pot. Her mother-in-law later
explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told
Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls.
Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was
hindered by which of the following obstacles?
A.
Discriminability
B.
Perseveration
C.
Divergent thinking
D.
Functional fixedness
Which of the following statements does NOT
apply to the results of research on differences
between how experts and novices solve
problems?
A.
Experts possess more knowledge about
their fields than novices.
B.
Experts often organize problems
differently than novices, based on
principles.
C.
Experts often spend more time analyzing
problems than novices.
D.
Being an expert in one field can transfer
to better problem solving in another field.
Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes
orange juice. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have
been poor, and the product was cancelled. His factory still
had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take
them if he wanted them. With the cartons, Ali made
several birdfeeders for his backyard and also planted tree
seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to
build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. Ali's use of the cartons
represents
A.
convergent thinking.
B.
divergent thinking.
C.
insight.
D.
hierarchical organization
This review touches on various aspects of problem-solving scenarios, including educational philosophies by Lockhart and Kaphur, the Solomon method in hot dog eating contests, the Wright brothers' aviation pioneering, and obstacles like functional fixedness in problem-solving. It challenges readers to apply cognitive techniques in real-life situations.
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Presentation Transcript
Unit 9: Ungraded review questions
Can you explain your answer? Use your fingers to indicate your answer: 1=A, 2=B, 3=C, 4=D. After viewing the question, show me your answer in 15 seconds. Next, turn to your neighbor and you have one minute to convince him/her that you are right.
According to the philosophy of education proposed by Paul Lockhart and Kaphur, a good teacher should A. provide as many guidelines as possible to the students so that they can follow each procedure step by step. B. encourage students to solve problems based on the methods of Gestalt psychology. C. reinforce learning according to Skinnerian behaviorism. D. present ill-defined problems to students and let them learn from failures and misconceptions.
The world champion of hot dog eating uses the Solomon method to beat his rivals in almost every contest. He conceptualizes the problem as how hot dogs can fit into the stomach. This example demonstrates that A. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically towards the solution of a non-insight problem. B. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. C. people often have to backtrack within the problem space to arrive at an answer to a problem. D. the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving.
Lee and Shea (2018) wrote, Have you ever thought about where the Wright brothers, the aviation pioneers, found the solutions to the problem of flight? They acquired their first idea by observing how birds control their wings. As in many engineering processes, failures occurred. The Wright brothers built numerous prototypes in various sizes to test different components. They performed many trials and made repeated changes after each failure before they could claim even partial success. They had to develop the wings, the motor, the struts, the seating, the balance and the relationships between each of the components before the development of their first airplane. This is an example of: A. Insight problem-solving B. Divergent thinking C. Counterfactual reasoning D. Non-insight problem solving
Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? A. Discriminability B. Perseveration C.Divergent thinking D. Functional fixedness
Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? A. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices. B. Experts often organize problems differently than novices, based on principles. C. Experts often spend more time analyzing problems than novices. D. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field.
Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. His factory still had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take them if he wanted them. With the cartons, Ali made several birdfeeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. Ali's use of the cartons represents A. convergent thinking. B. divergent thinking. C.insight. D. hierarchical organization
