Characteristics of Urban, Rural, and Tribal Communities

UNIT I CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN, RURAL AND TRIBLE

URBAN COMMUNITY Urban community is something which an individual thought as, an area with high density of population, an area with the availability of basic requirements, an area of good resources, the area has lots of opportunity of employment and such an area which can be considered as life-giving for luxurious desires of human or individual. The word urban community has many meanings, the term community , only, denotes two conditions: Physical condition Social condition

Generally, by an urban area, we mean an area with a high density of population. Density is not the only a term which may be considered as a definite term to confer a name of urban city to the particular village, area, land, city, town etc. two main factors must be kept in mind while declaring a community as urban, i.e. Absolute population: it is an accurate numerical value with which the population of a society can be estimated or known. Absolute area: Refers to a specific, fixed point on the earth s surface expressed by a coordinate system.

The social condition of people in life is expressed as the fashionable living of people, the acquaintance of peoples with luxury and the fashionable life of people. Urban lifestyle is such a style which has the effect of the act, done by an individual, on the other member of the same society; but is it true or is it not a full truth that only those, who are members of society does get affected? Or the other part of society also does get affected? Or the other societies have the effect of the particular activity? Or the rural areas are also experiencing the effects of vibes of the act of an individual?

Rural areas may get converted into urban areas. A government, taking into account the need of development, may change a society living in a rural area to such a society which is developed and educated. Dentition of urban is not completely explainable and not much clear, but the difference between the word rural and urban is clear from the above explanation.

Rural areas differ from urban areas In many ways, such as population density, quality and educated population, institution, requirements and the availability of sources. The areas where resources are available to get converted into a appoint of attraction and the area around the resource become an area of settlement of people and crowd. A crowd, with it, brings many needs, desires; thus, to complete the task of completing wishes and demands of an individual opportunity of employment are provided. Thus, this opportunity attracts more people. For example the area near gang, London, Mumbai or Calcutta; any city which is developed today, has its past like an area, considered as a rural area, shall have. Urban area s population may possibly or with a with very small probability shall have the fee schedule, which decreases their social interaction.

CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN 1. Large size and high density of population: The size of the urban community is much larger than the rural community. Not only this, in urban areas, there is high density of population. Density increases the number of short-term, impersonal and utilitarian social relationships a person is likely to have. 2. Heterogeneity: Urban population is heterogeneous. It consists of various shades of people different castes, classes, ethnic groups, religions, etc. They are not all alike. Urban community is noteworthy for its diversity.

3. Anonymity: The sheer pressure of number marks for anonymity. Anonymity is a loss of identity and sense of belongingness. The heterogeneity of city life with its mixture of people of all races, castes, classes, creeds, occupations and ethnic origins heightens the sense of anonymity. 4. Mobility and transiency: Urban life is dynamic. Social relations are temporary. Therefore, permanency does not develop in urban relations. There is a high rate of geographical as well as social mobility in urban areas. In America, on an average, a person changes his job (occupational mobility) within six years. Consequently, his dwelling (changes of residence), also changes. Different types of mobility usually mean transiency of contact. As such, urban social relations continue for a very short time. Urban dweller continually makes new social contacts

5. Formality of relations: In urban social life, relations are not intimate and kinship based. Most routine social contacts in the city are impersonal and segmented. Formal politeness takes the place of genuine friendliness. The impersonality of urban life is a necessary and convenient way of urban living. 6. Social distance: City people are physically crowded but socially distant. Social distance is a product of anonymity, impersonality and heterogeneity. Occupational differences may be even more important sources of social distance. Urbanites become nigh- dwellers, not neighbours. Apartment dwellers may live for years without any acquaintance with many of the other occupants.

7. Regimentation: The city is always in hurry. The life (work and entertainment) in the urban community becomes clock regulated . Order, regularity and the punctuality are the characteristics of urban life. On the streets, his movement is controlled by traffic lights, on railway stations and other places by elevators and escalators. 8. Segmentation of personality: Most routine urban contacts are of secondary group rather than primary group nature. Most contacts are instrumental, that is, we use another person as a necessary functionary to fulfill our purposes. We do not neces- sarily interact with entire persons but with people in terms of their formal roles as postman, bus driver, office assistant, policeman and other functionaries. We thus interact with only a segment of the person, not with the whole person.

Tribal Community Tribes = . / Dr. Vheriyar Ilvin and Thakkar Bappa called them as Aboriginal Tribe is a collection of families or Groups of families bearing a common name, members of which occupy the same territory, speak the same language and observe certain taboos regarding marriage, profession or occupations- Dr.D.N.Majumdar , , .

India is home to one of the largest number of Tribes in the World. Tribes in India are found in the 14 states Although there are 537 tribal communities in India, only 258 communities have been notified as tribes. STs as a category of India s Population, consulting 8% of her Total population (Census 2001) is varied in terms of Socio economic and political development There is high variation in the spatial distribution of Tribes in India. Almost 82% of the tribes lives in western and central sates where only 11% of them are located in Southern states Growth rate is low 1950 to 2001 the growth is 212 to 550

Characteristics Definite Common Topography/Geographical Isolation or Semi Isolation- ( ) India Tribes are found in, Assam Hills, Chhota Nagpur and Orissa hinterland Chhatisgarh, Chhindwara, Mandla, Durg and Raipur The districts of east and West Khandesh, Nashik, Surat, Baroda, Thane, Raygad

/ Common Language or dialect These people are illiterate and they have their own language. Language is not consider as a independent language No alphabets 205 languages are existing

Common Culture They have their own culture Life style is differ them from Urban and Rural life They have their own traditions, values, rituals, Marriage system is differ Religious practices are different Pattern of clothing, housing are different They follows norms made by the particular tribe They have their own belief (e.gWater)

Common Name Every Tribe having their Independent name. That name itself indicates their Tribe. (Valvi, Vasave)

ENDOGAMY Marry within the Tribe.

Political Organization Senior Citizens and Experienced persons having political committee Every tribe having leader These Political organizations are trying to maintain healthy, harmonious and peaceful relationship among the tribes also trying to provide secure life from outsiders. This Committee give penalties to Culprits They are not much more advanced politically as compare urban and rural community

Illiteracy These people are illiterate Lack of formal education

Lack of Technology Tribes are living in the hilly reasons Area is for away from the Urban community Access of Technology is not easy

Simple Economic System They have Primary Economic system They are dependant on environment/ Nature Agriculture, Fishing, Hunting are the occupations.