Challenges and Solutions in Urban Sanitation Infrastructure Planning
Subject: Infrastructure and Transport Planning
Topic: Sanitation Part 1
Presented by:
Aditi Arora
SANITATION
Sanitation is
the hygienic means
of
promoting health
through
prevention of human contact with the hazards of
wastes
as well as
the treatment
and
proper disposal of
sewage or wastewater
.
CONTENTS-
•
POINTS OF GENERATION
•
COLLECTION
•
TREATMENT
•
DISPOSAL
•
DEWATS
•
GREY WATER DISPOSAL
•
NORMS & STANDARDS
•
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
•
PLANNING PROVISIONS &MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Promises
..
•
Clean and safe drinking water to all
citizens.
•
Access to toilet for each household by
2019.
•
Awareness programmes to change
the behaviour.
•
No new schools, colleges, bus stands
and dispensaries to be built without
treatment plant.
POINTS OF GENERATION
–
Sewage is generated from
•
houses,
•
institute such as college,
•
school,
•
office complex,
•
community toilets,
•
industrial townships etc.
Waste water generation in Delhi has been assessed at 3,800 million litres
a day (MLD), whereas the city’s waste water treatment capacity is 2,460
MLD.
SEWAGE COLLECTION
•
There are 35 metropolitan cities (more than 10 Lac Population),
15,644 Millions Liter
Per Day (MLD)
of sewage is generated from these metropolitan cities. The treatment
capacity exists for 8040 MLD i.e. 51% is treatment capacity is created.
•
Among the Metropolitan cities,
Delhi has the maximum treatment capacity that is 2460
MLD
(30% of the total treatment capacity of metropolitan cities)
•
As per report submitted to the Supreme Court by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
on 4th December 2012,
Untreated human waste from nearly 45% of the population in
Delhi flows into the Yamuna river
as these homes are not connected to the city’s
sewage network.
•
As per August 2004 CPCB report, Out of 3267 mld of treated & untreated sewage, 2365
mld is discharged into the
River Yamuna
, 661 mld is discharged into
Agra Canal
& 241
mld is used for
irrigation.
•
Sewage treatment is
the process of removing contaminants from
wastewater and household sewage
, both effluents and domestic. It
includes physical, chemical, and biological processes
to remove
physical, chemical and biological contaminants.
•
Its
objective
is to
produce an environmentally safe fluid
waste
stream and a solid
waste suitable for disposal or reuse .
•
The objective of sewage treatment is to
produce a disposable
effluent without causing harm to the surrounding
environment, and
prevent pollution
.
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
It is very important
to provide some degree of treatment to
wastewater before it can be used
for agricultural or landscape
irrigation or for aquaculture.
The principal objective of sewage treatment is generally to
allow human effluents to be disposed of without danger to
human health
or unacceptable damage to the natural
environment.
According to a research, a
large number of people die
from
water born diseases in most of the developing countries.
Therefore, it is very important to get the proper treatment of
the water for a healthy living
.
IMPORTANCE OF SEWAGE WATER
TREATMENT PLANT
SOURCES OF WASTE WATER
SOURCES OF WASTE WATER
Human waste
Washing water
Rainfall collected on roofs, yards, hard-standings
domestic sources
Direct ingress of river water
Highway drainage
Industrial waste
•
WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCEDURE
Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, called
•
PRIMARY TREATMENT
•
SECONDARY TREATMENT
•
TERTIARY TREATMENT
•
TYPES OF THE TREATMENT PROCESS
PRIMARY TREATMENT
•
Primary treatment
removes materials
that can be easily collected
from the raw sewage before they damage or clog the pumps and
sewage lines of primary treatment clarifiers
trash, tree limbs, leaves,
branches etc..
•
The
settled and floating materials are removed
and the remaining
liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment.
SECONDARY TREATMENT
SECONDARY TREATMENT
•
Secondary treatment
removes dissolved and suspended biological matter.
Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-borne
micro-organisms in a managed habitat.
•
Secondary treatment may require a separation process to
remove the
micro-organisms
from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary
treatment.
TERTIARY TREATMENT :-
TERTIARY TREATMENT :-
•
The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a
final treatment stage
to raise the
effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment (sea, river, lake,
ground, etc.). More than one tertiary treatment process may be used at any treatment
plant.
•
If disinfection is practiced, it is always the final process. It is also called "effluent
polishing."
EFFLUENT
DISCHARGED IN
WATER BODY
Sanitation plays a vital role in promoting public health by preventing human exposure to waste hazards and ensuring proper sewage disposal. This presentation covers key aspects of sanitation, including the generation, collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage in urban areas. It highlights the gaps between sewage generation and treatment capacities in metropolitan cities like Delhi, emphasizing the need for effective institutional arrangements and management strategies to address these challenges.
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Presentation Transcript
Subject: Infrastructure and Transport Planning Topic: Sanitation Part 1 Presented by: Aditi Arora
SANITATION Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage or wastewater.
C O N T E N T S - POINTS OF GENERATION COLLECTION TREATMENT DISPOSAL DEWATS GREY WATER DISPOSAL NORMS & STANDARDS INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS PLANNING PROVISIONS &MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Promises.. Clean and safe drinking water to all citizens. Access to toilet for each household by 2019. Awareness programmes to change the behaviour. No new schools, colleges, bus stands and dispensaries to be built without treatment plant.
POINTS OF GENERATION Sewage is generated from houses, institute such as college, school, office complex, community toilets, industrial townships etc. Waste water generation in Delhi has been assessed at 3,800 million litres a day (MLD), whereas the city s waste water treatment capacity is 2,460 MLD.
There are 35 metropolitan cities (more than 10 Lac Population), 15,644 Millions Liter Per Day (MLD) of sewage is generated from these metropolitan cities. The treatment capacity exists for 8040 MLD i.e. 51% is treatment capacity is created. Among the Metropolitan cities, Delhi has the maximum treatment capacity that is 2460 MLD (30% of the total treatment capacity of metropolitan cities) As per report submitted to the Supreme Court by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) on 4th December 2012, Untreated human waste from nearly 45% of the population in Delhi flows into the Yamuna river as these homes are not connected to the city s sewage network. As per August 2004 CPCB report, Out of 3267 mld of treated & untreated sewage, 2365 mld is discharged into the River Yamuna, 661 mld is discharged into Agra Canal & 241 mld is used for irrigation.
TREATMENT Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage wastewater and household sewage, both effluents and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream and a solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse . waste suitable for disposal or reuse . The objective of sewage treatment is to produce a disposable effluent without causing harm to the surrounding effluent without causing harm to the surrounding environment, and prevent pollution. produce a disposable
IMPORTANCE OF SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT PLANT It is very important to provide some degree of treatment to to provide some degree of treatment to wastewater before it can be used wastewater before it can be used for agricultural or landscape irrigation or for aquaculture. The principal objective of sewage treatment is generally to allow human effluents to be disposed of without danger to allow human effluents to be disposed of without danger to human health human health or unacceptable damage to the natural environment. According to a research, a large number of people die water born diseases in most of the developing countries. Therefore, it is very important to get the proper treatment of the water for a healthy living. large number of people die from
SOURCES OF WASTE WATER Human waste Washing water Rainfall collected on roofs, yards, hard-standings domestic sources Direct ingress of river water Highway drainage Industrial waste
WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCEDURE Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, called PRIMARY TREATMENT SECONDARY TREATMENT TERTIARY TREATMENT TYPES OF THE TREATMENT PROCESS
PRIMARY TREATMENT Primary treatment removes materials from the raw sewage before they damage or clog the pumps and sewage lines of primary treatment clarifiers trash, tree limbs, leaves, branches etc.. branches etc.. The settled and floating materials are removed settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. removes materials that can be easily collected trash, tree limbs, leaves,
SECONDARY TREATMENT Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-borne micro-organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro micro- -organisms organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment. remove the TERTIARY TREATMENT :- The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a final treatment stage effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment (sea, river, lake, ground, etc.). More than one tertiary treatment process may be used at any treatment plant. final treatment stage to raise the If disinfection is practiced, it is always the final process. It is also called "effluent polishing."
EFFLUENT DISCHARGED IN WATER BODY
