Cellular Injury and Its Manifestations
Cellular injury Introduction
3
r
d
s
t
a
g
e
M
S
c
E
t
a
b
A
.
A
L
-
M
o
s
a
w
e
Cellular injury Introduction
Cellular injury can occur in a number of different
ways. Cellular injury may be a
reversible
process, in which case the cells can recover their
normal function, or it may
be
irreversible
and lead to cell death. Although
the causes of cellular injury
are many , the underlying
mechanisms
of
cellular injury usually includes one of two
categories:
free radical injury
or
hypoxic injury
Classification or causes of Cellular Injury
1.
Physical injury
Mechanical trauma
Temperature extremes (burn injury, frostbite)
Electrical current
1.
Chemical injury
Chemicals, toxins, heavy metals, solvents, smoke,
pollutants, drugs, gases
1.
Radiation injury
Ionizing radiation — gamma rays, X rays
Non-ionizing radiation — microwaves, infrared, laser
1.
Biologic agents
Bacteria, viruses, parasites
1.
Nutritional injury
Malnutrition
Obesity
Manifestations of cellular injury
1. Cellular swelling
• Caused by an accumulation of water
2. Cellular accumulations , Substances that can
be accumulated in injured cells may include
fats, proteins, glycogen, calcium,
uric acid ,
iron
and certain pigments such as melanin.
1-Cells of liver are swollen and have homogenous granules.
with Cytoplasm take a deep stain. Cloudy swelling.
2-Lumen of renal tubules or glandular acini has star shape
appearance. Cloudy swelling.
3-We see clear spaces usually around the nucleus.Its boundaries are
hazy and undefinite(Fat,glycogen).Skin with
Hydropic degeneration
4
-
L
i
v
e
r
w
i
t
h
f
a
t
t
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
,
e
n
l
a
r
g
e
,
y
e
l
l
o
w
i
s
h
,
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
f
r
i
a
b
l
e
.
5-Liver with fatty changes,
Fat droplets appear as unstained
clear, spherical space (fat, is dissolved in fat solvents).
Cellular injury can occur due to various factors like physical trauma, chemicals, radiation, and biologic agents. This process can lead to reversible or irreversible damage in cells, affecting their normal functions and possibly leading to cell death. Manifestations of cellular injury include cellular swelling and accumulation of substances within cells. These manifestations can be observed in organs like the liver and renal tubules. Understanding the causes and manifestations of cellular injury is crucial in medical analysis and treatment.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Cellular injury Introduction 3rdstage MSc EtabA. AL-Mosawe
Cellular injury Introduction Cellular injury can occur in a number of different ways. Cellular injury may be a reversible process, in which case the cells can recover their normal function, or it may be irreversible and lead to cell death. Although the causes of cellular injury are many , the underlying mechanisms of cellular injury usually includes one of two categories: free radical injury or hypoxic injury
Classification or causes of Cellular Injury Physical injury 1. Mechanical trauma Temperature extremes (burn injury, frostbite) Electrical current Chemical injury 1. Chemicals, toxins, heavy metals, solvents, smoke, pollutants, drugs, gases Radiation injury 1. Ionizing radiation gamma rays, X rays Non-ionizing radiation microwaves, infrared, laser Biologic agents 1. Bacteria, viruses, parasites Nutritional injury 1. Malnutrition Obesity
Manifestations of cellular injury 1. Cellular swelling Caused by an accumulation of water 2. Cellular accumulations , Substances that can be accumulated in injured cells may include fats, proteins, glycogen, calcium, uric acid , iron and certain pigments such as melanin.
1-Cells of liver are swollen and have homogenous granules. with Cytoplasm take a deep stain. Cloudy swelling.
2-Lumen of renal tubules or glandular acini has star shape appearance. Cloudy swelling.
3-We see clear spaces usually around the nucleus.Its boundaries are hazy and undefinite(Fat,glycogen).Skin with Hydropic degeneration
4-Liver with fatty changes,enlarge,yellowish,rounded boundaries and friable.
5-Liver with fatty changes, Fat droplets appear as unstained clear, spherical space (fat, is dissolved in fat solvents).
