Body Temperature Regulation
Temperature Regulation
Temperature Regulation
By the end of the lesson you should
know
How the body corrects overheating
How the body corrects overcooling
What thermocreceptors do?
What volutary responses are carried out
to control temperature
To provide the optimum conditions for
enzyme-catalysed reactions to be
carried out.
Why do we need to regulate:
Why do we need to regulate:
Internal body temperature
Internal body temperature
Body Temperature
Body Temperature
Normal internal body temperature
is 37
0
C.
Temperatures
above
this:
denature enzymes and block
metabolic pathways
Temperatures
below
this:
slow down metabolism and affect
the brain.
Water Bath
Temperature set on thermostat
Too cool? Heater kicks on and temperature goes up
Too warm? Heater stays off until bath cools down
Constant checking and turning on and off
C
C
o
o
n
n
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t
r
r
o
o
l
l
o
o
f
f
h
h
o
o
m
m
e
e
o
o
s
s
t
t
a
a
s
s
i
i
s
s
t
t
h
h
r
r
o
o
u
u
g
g
h
h
f
f
e
e
e
e
d
d
b
b
a
a
c
c
k
k
Feedback system- cycle of events in which the
status of a body condition is continually
monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored,
re-evaluated, etc.
1) receptor
–
sensor that responds to changes (stimuli)
2) control centre
–
sets range of values, evaluates input and sends
output
3) effector
–
receives output from control centre and
produces a response
3 basic components of a feedback system
Body Temperature Control
The hypothalamus
acts as a
thermostat
and receives nerve
impulses from
heat
and
cold
thermoreceptors in
the skin.
There are also
receptors in the
hypothalamus- called
central
thermoreceptors
.
These detect changes in
blood temperature.
Vasoconstriction and
Vasoconstriction and
Vasodilatation
Vasodilatation
Correction of overheating
Correction of overheating
1.
Detected by thermoreceptors in the
hypothalamus.
2.
Causes vasodilation.
3.
Sweating
Cooling down
Cooling down
When it's hot and you
need to cool down,
muscles at each
hair
relax.
Hairs lie close to the
skin.
Air does not act as an
insulating layer.
Sweating
Sweating
How does it work?
Heat energy in the
body is used to
convert the water
in sweat to vapour
cooling down the
body.
Correction of overcooling
1.
Detected by thermoreceptors in the
hypothalamus.
2.
Causes vasoconstriction.
3.
Decreased sweating
4.
Shivering
Keeping warm
Keeping warm
When it's cold, the
muscle contracts
pulls the hair up.
A layer of warm air
accumulates around
the hair and
insulates the
organism.
Heat retained
Shivering
H
o
w
d
o
e
s
i
t
w
o
r
k
?
Voluntary responses
Voluntary responses
In humans the cerebrum “makes”
people feel cold or hot.
They can then e.g. put on more
clothes, eat a hot meal, exercise etc
as appropriate.
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Explore how the body maintains its internal temperature through mechanisms such as correcting overheating and overcooling, the role of thermoreceptors, and voluntary responses that help control temperature. Discover the importance of regulating internal body temperature for optimal enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the risks of temperatures above and below normal, and the analogy of a water bath thermostat. Delve into the concept of homeostasis through feedback systems and the three basic components involved. Learn about the key role of the hypothalamus as a thermostat in the body and the functions of vasoconstriction and vasodilation in temperature control.
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Presentation Transcript
Temperature Regulation By the end of the lesson you should know How the body corrects overheating How the body corrects overcooling What thermocreceptors do? What volutary responses are carried out to control temperature
Why do we need to regulate: Internal body temperature To provide the optimum conditions for enzyme-catalysed reactions to be carried out.
Body Temperature Normal internal body temperature is 370C. Temperatures above this: denature enzymes and block metabolic pathways Temperatures below this: slow down metabolism and affect the brain.
Water Bath Temperature set on thermostat Too cool? Heater kicks on and temperature goes up Too warm? Heater stays off until bath cools down Constant checking and turning on and off
Control of homeostasis through feedback Feedback system- cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored, re-evaluated, etc.
3 basic components of a feedback system 1) receptor sensor that responds to changes (stimuli) 2) control centre sets range of values, evaluates input and sends output 3) effector receives output from control centre and produces a response
Body Temperature Control The hypothalamus acts as a thermostat and receives nerve impulses from heat and cold thermoreceptors in the skin. There are also receptors in the hypothalamus- called central thermoreceptors. These detect changes in blood temperature.
Vasoconstriction and Vasodilatation
Correction of overheating Detected by thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus. Causes vasodilation. Sweating 1. 2. 3.
Cooling down When it's hot and you need to cool down, muscles at each hair relax. Hairs lie close to the skin. Air does not act as an insulating layer.
Sweating How does it work? Heat energy in the body is used to convert the water in sweat to vapour cooling down the body.
Correction of overcooling Detected by thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus. Causes vasoconstriction. Decreased sweating Shivering 1. 2. 3. 4.
Keeping warm When it's cold, the muscle contracts pulls the hair up. A layer of warm air accumulates around the hair and insulates the organism. Heat retained
Shivering How does it work?
Voluntary responses In humans the cerebrum makes people feel cold or hot. They can then e.g. put on more clothes, eat a hot meal, exercise etc as appropriate.
This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
