Autism Spectrum Disorder in Infants and Toddlers
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In cooperation with the Missouri Department of Health
and Senior Services and your local public health agency
Child Care Health Consultation Program
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INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
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ASD Facts
ASD is a developmental disability
People with ASD do not look any
different than people who don’t have
ASD
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ASD Facts
Learning, thinking, and problem-solving
abilities of people with ASD can range
from gifted to severely challenged
Some people with ASD need a lot of
help in their daily lives; others need less
Many people with ASD also have
different ways of learning, paying
attention, or reacting to things
ASD facts
ASD is now diagnosis for several
conditions that formerly were diagnosed
separately:
Autistic disorder
Pervasive developmental disorder not
otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
Asperger syndrome
These conditions are now ALL called
Autism Spectrum Disorder
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Signs and Symptoms of ASD
Signs may begin in early childhood
May repeat certain behaviors
May not want daily routine changed
May not point at objects of interest
May not look at objects when another
person points at them
May have trouble relating to others or
not have interest in other people at all
Signs and Symptoms of ASD
May avoid contact and want to be alone
May have trouble understanding other
people’s feelings or talking about their
own feelings
May prefer not to be held or cuddled, of
only if they want to
May appear to be unaware of people
talking to them, but respond to other
sounds
Symptoms of ASD
May be very interested in other people,
but not know how to talk, play or relate
with them
May repeat of echo words or phrases
said to them or repeat words or phrases
in place of normal language
May have trouble expressing their needs
using typical words or motions
Symptoms of ASD
May not play ‘pretend’ games (feeding
dolls)
May repeat actions over and over again
May have trouble adapting when a routine
changes
May have unusual reactions to their other
senses (how things smell, taste, look, feel,
sound)
May lose skills they once had (stop using
words they’d been using)
DIAGNOSIS
How ASD is Diagnosed
There are no medical tests (bloodwork,)
for diagnosing ASD
Doctors must observe a child’s behavior
and development to diagnose ASD
Sometimes can be detected in children
18months and younger
Diagnosis is usually very reliable by age
2 years
How ASD is Diagnosed
Many children are not diagnosed until
much older
This can cause a delay in getting them
the help they need—the earlier the
intervention, the better improvement
seen in the child’s development
TREATMENT
How ASD is Treated
Currently there is no cure for ASD
Early intervention services help children
from birth to age 3 years (36 months)
Early intervention helps these children
learn important skills, such as walking,
talking, and interacting with others
This is why early diagnosis is so
important!
How ASD is Treated
Even short of a formal diagnosis for
ASD, children under age 3 may be
eligible for services under the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act if they are
at risk for developmental delays
Treatment for particular symptoms (such
as speech therapy) often does not need
to wait for a formal ASD diagnosis
CAUSES AND RISK
FACTORS
Causes and Risk Factors for ASD
All causes for ASD are not known
Factors that may make a child more
likely to have an ASD include:
environmental, biologic, and genetic
factors
Science indicates that genetics can
make some people more likely to
develop ASD
Causes and Risk Factors for ASD
Children who have a sibling with ASD
are at higher risk of also having ASD
ASD occurs more often in people with
chromosomal conditions such as fragile
X syndrome or tuberous sclerosis
Taking prescription drugs valproic acid
and thalidomide while pregnant
increases the risk of ASD
Causes and Risk Factors for ASD
Children born to older parents are at
greater risk
Some evidence suggests that
development of ASD happens during the
critical period before, during and
immediately after birth
WHO IS AFFECTED
Who is affected by ASD
ASD occurs in ALL racial, ethnic, and
socioeconomic groups
ASD is four times more likely to affect
boys than girls
About 1 in 59 children is identified with
ASD
The increase in numbers diagnosed with
ASD may be due to broader definitions
and better diagnosis, but a true increase
in cases can’t be ruled out
WHAT TO DO IF YOU
SUSPECT
What to Do
If there is a suspected problem
with the way a child plays, learns,
speaks, or acts, the parents
should contact their physician
What to Do
The physician can refer the family
to a specialist if needed.
Specialists who do more in depth
evaluation include:
Developmental Pediatricians
Child Neurologists
Child Psychologists
What to Do
Learn how you can help identify children
who could need help in their development
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http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/watchmetrainin
g/index.html
What to Do
In these modules you can learn:
How to monitor children’s development
Your role in developmental monitoring
Monitoring children as they reach certain
milestones
How to talk to parents about their child’s
development
Developmental Checklists
Free developmental checklists are
available at:
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/freem
aterials.html
RESOURCES
Resources
Some states have early childhood
intervention systems which can assist
families with getting evaluated. More
information is available at the Early
Childhood Technical Assistance Center:
http://ectacenter.org/contact/619coord.asp
ECTA Contact for Missouri:
Ginger Henry, Part B 619 Coordinator
Department of Elementary and Secondary
Education
Effective Practices Section/Office of Special
Education
PO Box 480
Jefferson City, MO 65102-0480
Phone: (573) 751-0625
Email:
ginger.henry@dese.mo.gov
Website:
http://dese.mo.gov/special-
education/early-childhood-special-education
MDHSS—Children & Youth with Special
Health Care Needs Program
The CYSHCN Program provides assistance statewide
for children and youth with special health care needs
from birth to age 21. The program focuses on early
identification and service coordination for children and
youth who meet medical eligibility guidelines. As payer
of last resort, the program provides limited funding for
medically necessary diagnostic and treatment services
for children whose families also meet financial eligibility
guidelines. Children with special health care needs are
those who have, or are at increased risk for a disease,
defect or medical condition that may hinder their normal
physical growth and development. These children
require health and related services that go beyond
those required by children in general.
MDHSS (State Health Dept)
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Local Resources
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that presents challenges in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Individuals with ASD may exhibit a range of abilities from gifted to severely challenged. It is now considered a single diagnosis encompassing conditions like Autistic disorder, PDD-NOS, and Asperger syndrome. Signs and symptoms can manifest in early childhood, affecting how individuals relate to others and interact with their environment. Early identification and intervention are crucial for supporting individuals with ASD.
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In cooperation with the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services and your local public health agency Child Care Health Consultation Program AUTISM SPECTRUM AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DISORDER IN INFANTS AND TODDLERS IN INFANTS AND TODDLERS
INTRODUCTION AUTISM SPECTRUM AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DISORDER
DEFINITION Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a group of developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges
ASD Facts ASD is a developmental disability People with ASD do not look any different than people who don t have ASD People with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most other people
ASD Facts Learning, thinking, and problem-solving abilities of people with ASD can range from gifted to severely challenged Some people with ASD need a lot of help in their daily lives; others need less Many people with ASD also have different ways of learning, paying attention, or reacting to things
ASD facts ASD is now diagnosis for several conditions that formerly were diagnosed separately: Autistic disorder Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) Asperger syndrome These conditions are now ALL called Autism Spectrum Disorder
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS AUTISM SPECTRUM AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DISORDER
Signs and Symptoms of ASD Signs may begin in early childhood May repeat certain behaviors May not want daily routine changed May not point at objects of interest May not look at objects when another person points at them May have trouble relating to others or not have interest in other people at all
Signs and Symptoms of ASD May avoid contact and want to be alone May have trouble understanding other people s feelings or talking about their own feelings May prefer not to be held or cuddled, of only if they want to May appear to be unaware of people talking to them, but respond to other sounds
Symptoms of ASD May be very interested in other people, but not know how to talk, play or relate with them May repeat of echo words or phrases said to them or repeat words or phrases in place of normal language May have trouble expressing their needs using typical words or motions
Symptoms of ASD May not play pretend games (feeding dolls) May repeat actions over and over again May have trouble adapting when a routine changes May have unusual reactions to their other senses (how things smell, taste, look, feel, sound) May lose skills they once had (stop using words they d been using)
DIAGNOSIS AUTISM SPECTRUM AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DISORDER
How ASD is Diagnosed There are no medical tests (bloodwork,) for diagnosing ASD Doctors must observe a child s behavior and development to diagnose ASD Sometimes can be detected in children 18months and younger Diagnosis is usually very reliable by age 2 years
How ASD is Diagnosed Many children are not diagnosed until much older This can cause a delay in getting them the help they need the earlier the intervention, the better improvement seen in the child s development
TREATMENT AUTISM SPECTRUM AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DISORDER
How ASD is Treated Currently there is no cure for ASD Early intervention services help children from birth to age 3 years (36 months) Early intervention helps these children learn important skills, such as walking, talking, and interacting with others This is why early diagnosis is so important!
How ASD is Treated Even short of a formal diagnosis for ASD, children under age 3 may be eligible for services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act if they are at risk for developmental delays Treatment for particular symptoms (such as speech therapy) often does not need to wait for a formal ASD diagnosis
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS AUTISM SPECTRUM AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DISORDER
Causes and Risk Factors for ASD All causes for ASD are not known Factors that may make a child more likely to have an ASD include: environmental, biologic, and genetic factors Science indicates that genetics can make some people more likely to develop ASD
Causes and Risk Factors for ASD Children who have a sibling with ASD are at higher risk of also having ASD ASD occurs more often in people with chromosomal conditions such as fragile X syndrome or tuberous sclerosis Taking prescription drugs valproic acid and thalidomide while pregnant increases the risk of ASD
Causes and Risk Factors for ASD Children born to older parents are at greater risk Some evidence suggests that development of ASD happens during the critical period before, during and immediately after birth
WHO IS AFFECTED AUTISM SPECTRUM AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DISORDER
Who is affected by ASD ASD occurs in ALL racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups ASD is four times more likely to affect boys than girls About 1 in 59 children is identified with ASD The increase in numbers diagnosed with ASD may be due to broader definitions and better diagnosis, but a true increase in cases can t be ruled out
WHAT TO DO IF YOU SUSPECT AUTISM SPECTRUM AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DISORDER
What to Do If there is a suspected problem with the way a child plays, learns, speaks, or acts, the parents should contact their physician
What to Do The physician can refer the family to a specialist if needed. Specialists who do more in depth evaluation include: Developmental Pediatricians Child Neurologists Child Psychologists
What to Do Learn how you can help identify children who could need help in their development Watch Me! Celebrating Milestones and Sharing Concerns was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention s Learn the Signs. Act Early. Program Can take four short online modules for 1 clock hour! http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/watchmetrainin g/index.html
What to Do In these modules you can learn: How to monitor children s development Your role in developmental monitoring Monitoring children as they reach certain milestones How to talk to parents about their child s development
Developmental Checklists Free developmental checklists are available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/freem aterials.html
RESOURCES AUTISM SPECTRUM AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DISORDER
Resources Some states have early childhood intervention systems which can assist families with getting evaluated. More information is available at the Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center: http://ectacenter.org/contact/619coord.asp
ECTA Contact for Missouri: Ginger Henry, Part B 619 Coordinator Department of Elementary and Secondary Education Effective Practices Section/Office of Special Education PO Box 480 Jefferson City, MO 65102-0480 Phone: (573) 751-0625 Email: ginger.henry@dese.mo.gov Website: http://dese.mo.gov/special- education/early-childhood-special-education
MDHSSChildren & Youth with Special Health Care Needs Program The CYSHCN Program provides assistance statewide for children and youth with special health care needs from birth to age 21. The program focuses on early identification and service coordination for children and youth who meet medical eligibility guidelines. As payer of last resort, the program provides limited funding for medically necessary diagnostic and treatment services for children whose families also meet financial eligibility guidelines. Children with special health care needs are those who have, or are at increased risk for a disease, defect or medical condition that may hinder their normal physical growth and development. These children require health and related services that go beyond those required by children in general.
MDHSS (State Health Dept) Special Health Care Needs Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services PO Box 570 Jefferson City, MO 65102-0570 Telephone: 573-751-6246 or (toll-free) 800-451-0669
