Athenian Democracy vs Spartan Military State: A Comparison

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Greek City States:
Athens vs. Sparta
 
 
Athenian Government:
Road to Democracy
 
621 BCE
 Draco develops legal system in which all
Athenians (rich or poor) were equal under the law
594 BCE
 Solon outlaws debt slavert for citizens
500 BCE
 Cleisthenes organizes citizens into ten groups
based on where they lived rather than wealth
Allows Assembly to submit laws for debate
Creates the Council of 500 to advise the Assembly and
propose laws to be voted on
 
Athenian government:
Road to Democracy
 
Three main bodies
Assembly
 ALL Athenian citizens allowed to vote and
debate laws
Council of 500
 chosen at random- could be ANY
Athenian citizen
People’s Court
Citizenship
Males, 18 years or older, Athenian, landowners
Excludes women, slaves, and Metics (Greeks not born in
Athens)
 
Spartan Government:
Military State
 
4 main branches
Assembly
Voted on laws, elected officials
Composed of ALL Spartan Citizens
Council of Elders
Made up of 30 older citizens
Proposed laws for the Assembly to vote on
Five Officials
Carried out the laws
Controlled education
Prosecuted court cases
Two Kings
 ruled over military
 
Spartan Social Order
 
Citizens
 people descended from original inhabitants of
Sparta
Could participate in government
Could own land
Spent their life serving Spartan military
Free Non-Citizens
 born somewhere else in Greece.
Could own businesses but could not participate in
government
Helots
 conquered people, or slaves. Worked in the
fields or as house servants
 
Education: Athens
 
Education available for sons of wealthy families
 began
at age 7
Centered around the idea of good citizenship
Classes in reading, writing, public speaking, logic, history,
and math (needed to be good speakers and debaters in the
Assembly)
Spent time in Athletic and military training as well, to be
able to defend Athens
Took classes in Sculpture, poetry, music, literature
 using
the mind to create beauty was valued in Athens
 
Education: Sparta
 
Boys left home for military barracks at age 7
Stayed there until the age of 30
Education in the barracks consisted of marching, battle tactics,
fight training
NO individual expression- Spartan boys were one of the group
Did not value the arts, literature, or intellectual pursuits
Emphasis on developing “toughness”
Wore no shoes and light tunics
slept without blankets on hard benches
Meals= porridge; boys were encouraged to steal food if still
hungry
 produced resourceful soldiers
 
Women: Athens
 
Girls did not attend school
Educated at home
 learned to make clothes, cook, manage
a household, raise kids
Some women did learn to read and write, but overall,
women kept out of Athenian society
NOT citizens, could not participate in government
 
Women: Sparta
 
Spartan girls received military training
Played sports, wrestled, ran
Considerable Freedom
Allowed to run the home and business while men were at
war
Service to Sparta over Service to Family
Tough girls gave birth to tough soldiers
 
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The rivalry between Athens and Sparta is characterized by contrasting political systems and societal structures. Athens followed a path towards democracy with key figures like Draco, Solon, and Cleisthenes shaping its government, while Sparta maintained a strict military state led by two kings and emphasizing military training. Citizenship, education, social order, and government structures were notably different between the two city-states, reflecting their unique values and priorities.

  • Athens
  • Sparta
  • Democracy
  • Military State
  • Ancient Greece

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  1. Greek City States: Athens vs. Sparta

  2. 621 BCE Draco develops legal system in which all Athenians (rich or poor) were equal under the law 594 BCE Solon outlaws debt slavert for citizens 500 BCE Cleisthenes organizes citizens into ten groups based on where they lived rather than wealth Allows Assembly to submit laws for debate Creates the Council of 500 to advise the Assembly and propose laws to be voted on Athenian Government: Road to Democracy

  3. Three main bodies Assembly ALL Athenian citizens allowed to vote and debate laws Council of 500 chosen at random- could be ANY Athenian citizen People s Court Citizenship Males, 18 years or older, Athenian, landowners Excludes women, slaves, and Metics (Greeks not born in Athens) Athenian government: Road to Democracy

  4. 4 main branches Assembly Voted on laws, elected officials Composed of ALL Spartan Citizens Council of Elders Made up of 30 older citizens Proposed laws for the Assembly to vote on Five Officials Carried out the laws Controlled education Prosecuted court cases Two Kings ruled over military Spartan Government: Military State

  5. Citizens people descended from original inhabitants of Sparta Could participate in government Could own land Spent their life serving Spartan military Free Non-Citizens born somewhere else in Greece. Could own businesses but could not participate in government Helots conquered people, or slaves. Worked in the fields or as house servants Spartan Social Order

  6. Education available for sons of wealthy families began at age 7 Centered around the idea of good citizenship Classes in reading, writing, public speaking, logic, history, and math (needed to be good speakers and debaters in the Assembly) Spent time in Athletic and military training as well, to be able to defend Athens Took classes in Sculpture, poetry, music, literature using the mind to create beauty was valued in Athens Education: Athens

  7. Boys left home for military barracks at age 7 Stayed there until the age of 30 Education in the barracks consisted of marching, battle tactics, fight training NO individual expression- Spartan boys were one of the group Did not value the arts, literature, or intellectual pursuits Emphasis on developing toughness Wore no shoes and light tunics slept without blankets on hard benches Meals= porridge; boys were encouraged to steal food if still hungry produced resourceful soldiers Education: Sparta

  8. Girls did not attend school Educated at home learned to make clothes, cook, manage a household, raise kids Some women did learn to read and write, but overall, women kept out of Athenian society NOT citizens, could not participate in government Women: Athens

  9. Spartan girls received military training Played sports, wrestled, ran Considerable Freedom Allowed to run the home and business while men were at war Service to Sparta over Service to Family Tough girls gave birth to tough soldiers Women: Sparta

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