Announcements & Logistics
Delve into the marvels of the cosmos as Dr. Aileen A. O'Donoghue presents insightful talks on spirituality, starlight, fusion energy, and more. Explore the origins of light, nuclear fusion, and the astounding energy potentials that lie within the universe. Unravel the mysteries of the cosmos through captivating discussions and visual explorations, shedding light on the profound interconnectedness of all things.
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The Cosmos Within Announcements & Logistics Dr. Aileen A. O Donoghue August 19 21, 2017
The Cosmos Within My email aodonoghue@stlawu.edu 2nd talk at http://myslu.stlawu.edu/~aodo/ spirituality/KS2017/2_Forces.pptx Dr. Aileen A. O Donoghue August 19 21, 2017
The Cosmos Within Sunlight, Starlight & Grace Dr. Aileen A. O Donoghue August 19 21, 2017
Starlight and Grace Through the Word all things came into being, and apart form the Word nothing came into being that has come into being. In the Word was life, and that life was humanity s light a Light that shines in the darkness, a Light that the darkness has never overtaken.
Seeing the Light All we know of the universe is from light. Light of all wavelengths falls everywhere all the time, filled with information. We must learn to see the light
Source of the Light Nuclear Fusion Light elements combine to make heavy elements. Hydrogen fuses to Helium Stars are nuclear explosions contained by gravity!
Fusion Releases Energy Mass of 4 H atoms Mass of 1 He atom Difference (loss) = 0.029158 amu = 4 x (1.007940 amu) = 4.031760 amu = 4.002602 amu = 0.7 % of H 0.7% of mass DISAPPEARS! Where does it go? E = mc2 Energy!
Energy Of Fusion: Star Power Convert 1 kg of H to He: 0.7% ( = 7 grams) becomes energy by E = mc2, (0.007 kg)x(3.0 x 108 m/s)2 = 630 trillion joules = 175 x 106 kWhr Fusing 1 kg of Hydrogen to Helium yields 175 MILLION kWhr of energy!!!!
Energy Of Fusion: Bring it Home 1 kg of H to He= 175 x 106 kWhr Kansas 2015 Energy Use = 317 x 109 kWhr 9 317 10 kWhr for KS use 175 10 kWhr for 1 kg of H = 5774 kg of H 6 Fusing 5,774 kg of H to He could supply Kansas total energy for 1 year! (at 100% efficiency) Fusing 1,460 kg of H to He could replace coal energy for 1 year but probably not the jobs ... https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.php?sid=US#Consumption
Energy Of Fusion: Power of Sol Total Luminosity= 3.83 x 1026 W Energy from one fusion = 8.94 x 10-12 J 1 W = 1 J/sec Sun fuses = 5.98 x 1011 kg of H/sec 598,000,000,000 kg That s 6070 aircraft carriers of H per sec. and 5774 kg would supply Kansas for a year!
Abundance of Sols Energy Emitted energy = expanding spheres of energy 1 second thick Energy spreads over surface of sphere 1 second thick rSol = 93 million miles Energy falling on entire Earth = 0.0000005% of what Sun emits! 5/10 millionths of Sun s Energy powers Earth!
Gods Love is as Abundant as Sunlight Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? Yet not one of them is forgotten in God's sight. But even the hairs of your head are all counted. Do not be afraid; you are of more value than many sparrows. Luke 12:6-7
The Breadth Of The Spectrum Different types of light arise from hf E = different objects Energy Planck s Constant Frequency of the light different energies different processes Planck s Constant h = 6.623 X 10-34 J-s TINY!! This is why quantum effects are hard to study! 0.0000000000000000000000000000000006623 J-s
The EM* Spectrum High Energy high frequency, short wavelength Microwaves are short radio waves *ElectroMagnetic
Timeline Of Observatories 1609 First Telescope 1880 First Photos (of Orion Nebula) 1937 First Radio Telescope 1961 First Gamma-Ray Detection In Orbit 1965 First X-Ray Telescope In Orbit 1983 First Imaging IR Telescope In Orbit 1978 First Imaging X-Ray Observatory 1991 First Imaging -ray Observatory Telescopic views of the universe are still very new!
The Visible Sky stars, gas, & dust Pollux Castor Procyon Antares Vega Orion Magellanic Clouds
The Infrared Sky star formation & solar system dust Solar system dust Orion Nebula Large Magellanic Cloud
The Radio Sky atomic hydrogen & warm gas Nearby gas bubble Orion Nebula Large Magellanic Cloud
The Microwave Sky The Echo of the Big Bang Red = warmish Blue = coolish Differ by 1000ths of a degree!
The X-Ray Sky very HOT gas halo Red = low energy Green = moderate energy Blue = high energy Supernova remnant kyr old Black hole candidate in Cygnus Large Magellanic Cloud
The -Ray Sky extremely energetic events Stellar collisions, stars falling into black holes, stars exploding
The Breadth of Gods Grace May Christ dwell in your hearts through faith, so that you , being rooted and grounded in love, will be able to grasp fully the breadth, length, height and depth of Christ s love and, with all God s holy ones, experience this love that surpasses all understanding, so that you may be filled with all the fullness of God. Ephesians 3:18-19
The Depth Of The Spectrum Bright and Dark Lines Appear In Spectra Absorption Spectrum: Opaque object seen through cloud of gas. Continuous Spectrum: Glowing opaque object Emission Spectrum: Glowing cloud of gas.
Spectral Lines Each Element Emits Unique Set of Lines
Spectra Of The Stars Early spectra catalogued & analyzed mostly by women! At Harvard College Observatory
Spectra Of The Stars The Solar Spectrum
Spectra Of The Stars The Spectrum Of the Sun (5800 C) Hydrogen Line Calcium Lines
Spectra Of The Stars The Spectrum Of Thuban (9800 C) Hydrogen Line Calcium Line
Thuban: Draconis Pole star in 2700 BCE, used by Egyptians Cephus Bo tes Draco Arcturus Little Dipper Thuban Arc to Arcturus Polaris Cassiopeia Pointers to Polaris Big Dipper 10:00 pm August 19, looking north northwest from Atchison
Spectra Of The Stars Tell us Chemical Composition Helium first discovered in spectrum of the Sun! Temperatures 3000K to 40,000K First determined by Cecila Payne-Gaposchkin (first PhD through HCO for anyone!) Spectra tell us the chemistry and temperatures of the stars! but there s MORE
Doppler Shift Waves are squashed or stretched by motion of the source Horn of a passing car Light of a moving star or galaxy
Doppler Shift We know the wavelength for no motion Measure wavelength shift Calculate velocity of object with respect to us Really easy to measure! v c Difference between proper and shifted wavelength = Speed of object Speed of light Proper wavelength
Spectral Lines Breadth of Lines Gives Range of Speeds Small stars: large range (wide lines) Large stars: small range (narrow lines). Spectra tell us the sizes of stars!
Spectra Of The Galaxies Expansion of the Universe All galaxy spectra are redshifted All galaxies are moving away More distant galaxies more redshifted More distant moving faster
Spectra Of The Galaxies Expansion of the Universe As space expands, more distant objects move away faster.
Spectra Of The Galaxies Rotation creates red and blue shifts Shift tells us rotational speed Rotational speed tells us the mass of the galaxy by Newton s laws! Spectra tell us the masses of galaxies!
The Gift Of Starlight The universe has been gratuitously showering us with information about its objects, history, and origin since the Earth formed! We only started finding this information in the past few centuries. What else could we be missing?
Gods Gift Of Love Ignatian 4th Week: Contemplation on the Love of God 4thPoint: God s love shines down upon me like the light rays from the sun Just as I see the sun in its rays, so God pours forth a sharing in divine life in all the gifts showered upon me. God s delight and joy is to be with the ones called God s children. -- David L. Fleming, S. J. Draw Me Into Your Friendship
Gods Gifts of Grace In your life, what is the Abundance of God s grace? Gifts you might overlook? Breadth of God s grace? Immanence to Transcendence In a single flower and distant galaxies Depth of God s grace? What must you look deeply to see? God s hidden actions?
