Algorithms: A Primer for Computer Studies
Introduction to
Algorithm – part 1
Senior 5 – Computer Studies
Ms Jennifer
What is an Algorithm?
A
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b
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p
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Start
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step…
End
Process
Ms Jennifer
What is a process?
A process is a series of steps
(instructions) to achieve a
particular goal
Ms Jennifer
How can we express a an
algorithm?
1.
Think of a solution to
the problem
2.
Think of the steps
required to achieve
the final solution.
3.
Write down the
STEPS.
Ms Jennifer
What is Pseudo code?
Pseudo code means
’false code’
and
it is essentially a summary of the
algorithm written in steps using a
language and specific terms. There
are no set rules in using pseudo as
long as all the steps of the
algorithm are written sequentially
and are logically correct.
Ms Jennifer
What is Pseudo code?
Specific terms used in pseudo code include:
Arithmetic operations
Transfer operations
Input / output operations
Decision operations
Repetition operations
Ms Jennifer
Example question
How do you log in to Facebook?
Answer? Use a laptop, tablet, computer,
smart phone, etc.
How do you write an algorithm to log in to
Facebook?
1
st
step: Go to
www.facebook.com
2
nd
step: Enter email and password
3
rd
step: Click on ‘Login in’ button.
Ms Jennifer
An algorithm is constructed
with Pseudo Code and
Flowcharts
Pseudo Code
Flowcharts
Step by step
instructions
similar to
computer code.
Graphical
representation of
the sequence of
steps of an
algorithm.
Ms Jennifer
Pseudo code for Arithmetic
calculations
Sum
=
A
+
B
Sum
How many subjects there is in
Sum
?
Sum
=
A
–
B
Sum
How many subjects there is in
Sum
?
Person A
has
6 subjects
Person B
has
3 subjects
Ms Jennifer
Pseudo code for Arithmetic
calculations (input and output)
Give input
value
to
A
Save
A
Give input
value
to
B
Save
B
Sum
=
A
x
B
Sum
What is the
value
of
Sum
?
A
=
0
;
B
=
0
;
Ms Jennifer
Flow Chart of Arithmetic
calculation (input and output)
Ms Jennifer
Tasks
Conclusion Algorithm Topic first part
Ms Jennifer
Conclusion
An algorithm is a step by step process to
solve a computing problem.
A process is a series of steps or instructions
to achieve a particular goal.
An algorithm can be developed through
pseudo code and flowcharts.
Pseudo code defines the algorithm in a series
of sequential steps/ instructions
Flowcharts express the steps of an algorithm
in a graphical representation. Each shape
means a particular stage or step of an
algorithm.
Ms Jennifer
Introduction to
Algorithm – part 2
Senior 5 – Computer Studies
Ms Jennifer
An algorithm is constructed
with Pseudo Code and
Flowcharts
Pseudo Code
Flowcharts
Step by step
instructions
similar to
computer code.
Graphical
representation of
the sequence of
steps of an
algorithm.
Ms Jennifer
Concept Flowchart
Ms Jennifer
Flow Chart of Arithmetic
calculation (input and output)
Ms Jennifer
Mixer Flowchart – Decisions /
Repetitions
Ms Jennifer
Task 1
Pseudo code of kitchen mixer
Ms Jennifer
Task 2 – Flowchart to log in to
Pseudo Code:
1
st
step: Go to
www.facebook.com
2
nd
step: Enter email and password
3
rd
step: Click on ‘Login in’ button.
Ms Jennifer
Steps to make art coffee.
1. Put coffee with
boiling water in the
cup
2. Add steamed milk
to the top of cup
Ms Jennifer
Steps to make art coffee.
3.
Make circular
designs with
chocolate sauce.
4.
Draw inward and
outward lines with a
toothpick.
Ms Jennifer
Steps to make art coffee.
End result – Web coffee art!
Ms Jennifer
Pseudo Code If […] Then
[….] Else [….] statements
Conditional statements
Ms Jennifer
Pseudo Code for coffee art.
Start Program
Step 1
.
If
cup has coffee
Then
-> Add milk
Else
Add coffee
Step 2
.
If
cup has coffee + milk
Then
-> Add chocolate sauce in circular motion
Else
go to
step 1
Step 3
.
If
cup has chocolate sauce on top
Then
-> make horizontal lines with toothpick
Else
go to
step 2
Step 4
.
End
If
Coffee has horizontal chocolate
lines..
Else
go to
step 3
End program
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d
Ms Jennifer
Task 3
Develop flowchart
Ms Jennifer
Conclusion
An algorithm is a step by step process to
solve a computing problem.
In computing an algorithm is expressed
by pseudo code and flowcharts.
Pseudo code consists of a sequence of
steps to solve a computing problem.
Flowcharts are used to show the sequence
of steps in a graphical representation
using different shapes to present
terminals, processes, decisions and inputs
and outputs.
Ms Jennifer
Jennifer Elmer
Delve into the world of algorithms with Ms. Jennifer as your guide in this educational series. Learn the nuances of processes, pseudo-code, and problem-solving steps through structured lessons. Grasp the essence of expressions, flowcharts, and the language of algorithms, ensuring a solid foundation in algorithmic thinking.
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Presentation Transcript
Introduction to Algorithm part 1 Senior 5 Computer Studies Ms Jennifer
An Algorithm is a step by step process to solve a computing problem. Start Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step End Process What is an Algorithm? Ms Jennifer
A process is a series of steps (instructions) to achieve a particular goal What is a process? Ms Jennifer
1. Think of a solution to the problem 2. Think of the steps required to achieve the final solution. 3. Write down the STEPS. How can we express a an algorithm? Ms Jennifer
Pseudo code means false code and it is essentially a summary of the algorithm written in steps using a language and specific terms. There are no set rules in using pseudo as long as all the steps of the algorithm are written sequentially and are logically correct. What is Pseudo code? Ms Jennifer
Specific terms used in pseudo code include: Arithmetic operations Transfer operations Input / output operations Decision operations Repetition operations What is Pseudo code? Ms Jennifer
How do you log in to Facebook? Answer? Use a laptop, tablet, computer, smart phone, etc. How do you write an algorithm to log in to Facebook? 1st step: Go to www.facebook.com 2nd step: Enter email and password 3rdstep: Click on Login in button. Example question Ms Jennifer
Pseudo Code Flowcharts Graphical representation of the sequence of steps of an algorithm. Step by step instructions similar to computer code. An algorithm is constructed with Pseudo Code and Flowcharts Ms Jennifer
Person A has 6 subjects Person B has 3 subjects Sum = A + B Print Sum How many subjects there is in Sum? Sum = A B Print Sum How many subjects there is in Sum? Pseudo code for Arithmetic calculations Ms Jennifer
A = 0; B = 0; Give input value to A Save A Give input value to B Save B Sum = A x B Print Sum What is the value of Sum? Pseudo code for Arithmetic calculations (input and output) Ms Jennifer
Flow Chart of Arithmetic calculation (input and output) Ms Jennifer
Tasks Conclusion Algorithm Topic first part Ms Jennifer
An algorithm is a step by step process to solve a computing problem. A process is a series of steps or instructions to achieve a particular goal. An algorithm can be developed through pseudo code and flowcharts. Pseudo code defines the algorithm in a series of sequential steps/ instructions Flowcharts express the steps of an algorithm in a graphical representation. Each shape means a particular stage or step of an algorithm. Conclusion Ms Jennifer
Introduction to Algorithm part 2 Senior 5 Computer Studies Ms Jennifer
Pseudo Code Flowcharts Graphical representation of the sequence of steps of an algorithm. Step by step instructions similar to computer code. An algorithm is constructed with Pseudo Code and Flowcharts Ms Jennifer
Concept Flowchart Ms Jennifer
Flow Chart of Arithmetic calculation (input and output) Ms Jennifer
Mixer Flowchart Decisions / Repetitions Ms Jennifer
Task 1 Pseudo code of kitchen mixer Ms Jennifer
Pseudo Code: 1st step: Go to www.facebook.com 2nd step: Enter email and password 3rdstep: Click on Login in button. Task 2 Flowchart to log in to Facebook Ms Jennifer
1. Put coffee with boiling water in the cup 2. Add steamed milk to the top of cup Steps to make art coffee. Ms Jennifer
4. Draw inward and outward lines with a toothpick. 3. Make circular designs with chocolate sauce. Steps to make art coffee. Ms Jennifer
End result Web coffee art! Steps to make art coffee. Ms Jennifer
Pseudo Code If [] Then [ .] Else [ .] statements Conditional statements Ms Jennifer
Start Program Step 1. If cup has coffee Then -> Add milk Else Add coffee Step 2. If cup has coffee + milk Then -> Add chocolate sauce in circular motion Else go to step 1 Step 3. If cup has chocolate sauce on top Then -> make horizontal lines with toothpick Else go to step 2 Step 4. End If Coffee has horizontal chocolate lines.. Else go to step 3 End program Note: the conditional statements in red Pseudo Code for coffee art. Ms Jennifer
Task 3 Develop flowchart Ms Jennifer
An algorithm is a step by step process to solve a computing problem. In computing an algorithm is expressed by pseudo code and flowcharts. Pseudo code consists of a sequence of steps to solve a computing problem. Flowcharts are used to show the sequence of steps in a graphical representation using different shapes to present terminals, processes, decisions and inputs and outputs. Conclusion Ms Jennifer
