The water crisis in Hammanskraal is due to inadequate waste water treatment facilities, leading to pollution of water sources and a cholera outbreak. The Green Drop Watch Report highlights the critical conditions of municipal wastewater systems in South Africa, with many systems failing to meet stan

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Poultry diseases caused by viruses and bacteria are a significant concern for poultry farmers. Viral diseases like Ranikhet Disease, Fowl Pox, and Avian Leucosis can have high mortality rates and severe symptoms. Bacterial diseases such as Tick Fever, Tuberculosis, Fowl Cholera, and Infectious Coryz

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Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas are gram-negative bacilli commonly found in water sources, causing gastrointestinal diseases. They exhibit similarities to Enterobacteriaceae but with distinct characteristics such as polar flagella and being oxidase-positive. Vibrios like V. cholerae are crucial h

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Exploring how the International Health Regulations (IHR) can enhance preparedness and response to cholera outbreaks. Discusses the functional components of IHR, the role of National IHR Focal Points, and best practices in building resilience. Highlights the importance of coordination, communication,

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National Institute for Communicable Diseases confirmed a Cholera outbreak in Gauteng and Free State Provinces. A total of 53 cases have been confirmed, with 9 in Free State and 44 in Gauteng. Updates on cases, testing, and hospital admissions provided. Stay informed about the current situation.

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The World Health Organization, along with the Global Task Force for Cholera Control, is focusing on analyzing reported cholera cases from 2010-2021 and the levels of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in various countries. The report highlights the importance of basic WASH services in pr

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Epidemiology is the study of disease distribution in populations, analyzing patterns, determinants, and risk factors to understand and control various health conditions. It encompasses infectious diseases like cholera, nutritional disorders such as scurvy, cancers like childhood leukemia, and non-co

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Maps play a crucial role in public health by visualizing health data, trends, and locations of health events. They are used to communicate information such as disease rates, outbreaks, and causal factors. Spot maps show individual case locations, while area maps use colors or shades to communicate t

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Vibrio cholerae is a significant bacterium responsible for causing cholera, a life-threatening diarrheal disease. With over 35 species in the Vibrio genus, only a few can infect humans. Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, curved aerobic rod that produces an enterotoxin leading to cholera. Understand

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Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative, curved rod bacterium known for causing cholera. Its distinctive features include polar flagellum motility, oxidase-positive nature, and resistance to inhibitory substances. Various culture media are used for its isolation and growth, such as transport, routine, an

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The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on European society, characterized by key terms such as Agricultural Revolution, Capital, Pig Iron, Wrought Iron, Tariffs, Cholera, and Trade Unions. This period saw advancements in agricultural techniques, the rise of material wealth for production, t

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Educational slides covering topics such as cholera, dengue fever, newborn screening, and vision assessment. The content includes information on causes, symptoms, treatments, and prevention methods for these health issues. Helpful visuals and guidance are provided for maintaining good health practice

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Drinking contaminated water can lead to water-borne diseases, causing millions of deaths annually, especially in developing countries. Potable water is essential for health and development, as water-related diseases arise from inadequate water quality and poor sanitation practices. Various pathogens

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Pasteurellosis, caused by Pasteurella and Mannheimia species, affects various animals from cattle to fowl. It presents as hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle, fowl cholera in fowl, atropic rhinitis in pigs, and more. The disease is characterized by small, non-hemolytic colonies and specific biochemical

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Fowl cholera, a septicaemic disease affecting birds, is caused by Pasteurella multocida. It can affect all species of birds, with older birds more susceptible. The disease can spread through carrier birds, excretions, carcasses, and even rats. The virulence factors, clinical signs, and forms of the

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Feco-oral diseases, primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, remain a significant global health concern, especially affecting children under 5 and the elderly. Diarrhea, characterized by WHO as three or more watery stools in 24 hours, poses a substantial burden, with infectious agents cau

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Proper water hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of water-borne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis. Regular testing and treatment methods such as boiling or chlorination help ensure safe water for healthcare settings. Insufficient water quality can lead to various illnesses, empha

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Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It leads to watery diarrhea due to the production of a potent enterotoxin. The disease has two distinct life cycles - one in the environment and one in humans. Factors such as access to safe water and sanitation play a

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Cholera diagnosis involves various laboratory tests such as specimen analysis, smears, and cultures. Slide agglutination tests and the oxidase test can also aid in the identification of Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Understanding these diagnostic methods is crucial for effective control and management o

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John Snow, a pioneering epidemiologist, challenged and solved the deadly cholera outbreak in London in 1854. By investigating the source of the disease and its spread, Snow identified contaminated water as the cause. His groundbreaking work led to significant advancements in public health and the un

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Fowl Typhoid is a septicemic disease affecting domestic birds, characterized by acute and chronic phases, enlarged spleen, bronzy colored liver, and diarrhea. It is caused by Salmonella gallinarum and primarily affects young and adult chickens. The disease has a short incubation period of 4-5 days,

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Fowl typhoid is a septicemic disease affecting domestic birds, characterized by acute and chronic phases, enlarged spleen, bronzy-colored liver, and diarrhea. It is caused by Salmonella gallinarum and is very lethal, with mortality reaching 75% in untreated flocks. The disease shares similarities wi

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Cholera is a water-borne disease caused by Vibrio cholera, characterized by severe diarrhea. Learn about its history, microbiological characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, management, and outbreak control. Discover the epidemiology, including major outbreaks and tra

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Cholera is a life-threatening intestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholera bacteria. The disease is water-borne and prevalent in regions with poor sanitation. Learn about the epidemiology, microbiological characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of cholera from this comprehe

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