The upper limb anatomy includes detailed descriptions of the clavicle, scapula, and humerus bones. The clavicle is a long bone that articulates with the sternum and scapula, while the scapula lies on the posterior chest wall and has important bony landmarks like the acromion and glenoid cavity. The

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The wrist complex consists of the radiocarpal joint and midcarpal joint, formed by various bones and ligaments. The radiocarpal joint involves the radius, radioulnar disc, scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones. In a neutral position, the ulna does not participate in this joint. The midcarpal joint

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Explore the variations in vertebral formulae, rib pairs, rib shaft characteristics, scapula morphology, humerus features, ulna differences, and metacarpals/digits among horse, cattle, pig, sheep, dog, and fowl. Detailed images and descriptions offer insights into the distinct skeletal structures of

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Explore the fascinating journey of measurement systems from historical units like cubit and fathom to the modern metric system. Discover how civilizations developed standardized units for length, weight, and mass. Follow the timeline of measurement advancements, from King Edward's iron ulna to the b

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Fractures of the radius and ulna commonly occur due to various forces like twisting, angulating, or direct blow. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and deformity, with potential circulatory or neural deficits. Diagnosis involves X-rays, and treatment varies for children and adults, from closed reducti

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The elbow joint complex is crucial for both mobility and stability of the hand, serving a uniaxial diarthrodial joint of hinge type with one degree of freedom of motion. Composed of the humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar, and distal radioulnar joints, it articulates surfaces such as the

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