Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia is a severe and frequently fatal respiratory disease affecting goats in India. Caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae, it is not transmissible to cattle or sheep. The disease spreads through close contact and inhalation of respiratory droplets, with

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Malnutrition is common in chronic liver disease, leading to complications such as ascites and infections. Sarcopenia and weight loss are prevalent regardless of BMI. Critical care patients with liver disease face challenges due to limited physiological reserve, with main causes for ICU admission bei

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Challenging liver cirrhosis management in elderly patients with refractory ascites has high mortality rates, and transplantation is not always viable. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) serves as a non-curative treatment option, aiming to reduce portal hypertension. The procedure i

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Perinatal asphyxia refers to the interruption of oxygen supply to the fetus or newborn, leading to metabolic consequences and potential multiorgan dysfunction and long-term neurological issues. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) have

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Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting cervids and other animals. The disease was first identified in the mid-1960s and has since been a concern in wildlife populations. CWD is caused by a mutated prion protein that leads to neurological degeneration. Wh

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A 61-year-old female with intractable headache and eye pain was admitted for sepsis secondary to herpes zoster, leading to encephalopathy and CO2 Narcosis. Through accurate Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) documentation, the Severity of Illness (SOI) and Risk of Mortality (ROM) were improved. Coding guideli

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Neonatal seizures are sudden changes in neurologic function of a newborn, involving motor, behavior, and autonomic functions. The pathophysiology includes delays in Na/K ATPase maturation, increased receptor density, and GABAergic transmission. Different types of seizures like subtle, clonic, tonic,

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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) comprises Wernicke's Encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff Syndrome. WE presents with altered mental status, ocular signs, and ataxia, while Korsakoff Syndrome manifests as amnesia and confabulations. Untreated WE can progress to Korsakoff Syndrome in about 80% of cases

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The Community Commissioning Collaborative Design Workshop on August 9th focuses on sexually transmissible infections and blood-borne viruses public health regulation. The workshop includes sessions on health services commissioning, viral hepatitis, and HIV, aiming to address emerging needs and prior

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious animal disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, while Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is a serious cattle disease caused by the BVD virus. FMD is not transmissible to humans and is caused by different strains of Aphthovirus. Symptoms of FMD include ves

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Prion diseases, such as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), are rare and fatal neurological disorders affecting both humans and animals. These diseases are characterized by long incubation periods, neuronal loss, and the absence of an inflammatory response. Caused by abnormal folding o

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Subacute or chronic fatal neurodegenerative disease in adult cattle, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy with spongy degeneration in the CNS. It is caused by an infectious protein called prion and is mostly found in Europe, with potential zoonotic impa

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Acute liver failure is a severe condition characterized by rapid liver dysfunction within 6 months of symptom onset, leading to encephalopathy, coagulopathy, and jaundice. This condition can be classified as hyperacute, acute, subacute, fulminant, or sub-fulminant based on the duration from jaundice

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ACT Health Protection Service provides a progress update on commissioning in the sexually transmissible infections and blood borne viruses (STIBBV) subsector. The goal is to design a service system that is appropriate, equitable, accessible, and affordable for all individuals in the ACT community, f

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Research led by the Professor and Head of Neuropathology at Yale focuses on the relationship between host PrP and TSE viruses, proposing that viral interactions with PrP trigger a pathological response. Contrary to popular belief, evidence suggests that PrP-res is a consequence of infection rather t

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