Explore how radio waves travel and are influenced by solar activity. Learn about HF radio wave propagation, critical layers, day-night cycle effects, sunspots, coronal mass ejections, solar wind, auroras, and more. Discover the impacts of solar flux, sunspot numbers, and solar flares on radio wave c

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Sunspots are cooler, darker regions on the solar atmosphere with strong magnetic fields. They are mainly seen on the photosphere, which is the visible surface of the Sun. These dark spots are cooler than their surroundings, with temperatures around 4,000 K. Sunspots are formed due to the Sun's magne

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Comprehensive overview of the SunSpot Development Platform for building ubiquitous and secure networks and services. Includes technical specifications, hardware details, and external interfaces provided by SunSpot. Developed by Pedro Castillejo Parrilla.

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San Fernando Observatory (SFO) at California State University Northridge is leveraging ground-based and space-based images to fill data gaps in solar images and develop a database for studying Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) variability. By extracting active-region information from Solar Dynamics Obser

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Ruđer Bošković, a renowned Croatian scientist, conducted sunspot observations in 1777 near Paris using innovative methods. This paper aims to analyze and process his observations to determine the elements of the Sun's rotation and period, providing valuable data on solar magnetic activity. Boško

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