Exploring the concept of Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) in subtitling, this lesson delves into how ECRs are defined, accessed, and rendered in subtitles. It discusses strategies such as retention, direct translation, official equivalents, and interventional approaches like generalization

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Explore the world of subtitling through a discussion of semiotic characteristics such as diamesic translation and polysemiotic media. Learn about the evolution of subtitling in mainstream media and its preference over dubbing. Delve into the significance of physical support in polysemiotic texts and

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Re-speaking is a technique that involves simultaneous subtitling of television programs using speech recognition software to translate oral text into written text live. It combines human expertise with machine capabilities, allowing for efficient and accurate transcription. This innovative process e

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Subtitling is a crucial aspect of audio-visual content, providing translations or captions at the bottom of the screen. This process involves careful control of content, time, and space elements. Subtitlers require specific qualifications like linguistic expertise and audio-visual sensitivity. Diffe

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The evolution of dubbing and subtitling in the film industry has been a dynamic process, with different countries developing expertise in their respective methods. While Hollywood's dominance reduced the need for translation in English-speaking countries, certain prestigious foreign films are subtit

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