Grigory Yaroslavtsev and collaborators present an improved approximation for the Directed Spanner Problem, exploring the concept of k-Spanner in directed graphs. The research delves into finding the sparsest k-spanner, preserving distances and discussing applications, including simulating synchroniz

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Represented at OSDI 2012 by Wilson Hsieh, Google Spanner is a globally distributed database system that offers general-purpose transactions and SQL query support. It features lock-free distributed read transactions, ensuring external consistency of distributed transactions. Spanner enables property

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Spanner, a strictly serializable system, leverages TrueTime for timestamping to enforce the invariant between transactions. It ensures efficient read-only transactions and multi-shard transactions. Mechanisms like 2PL, 2PC, and (Multi)Paxos contribute to Spanner's fault tolerance and scalability. Le

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