Photosynthesis involves two stages, with Rubisco playing a crucial role in the light-independent stage by assisting in carbon dioxide fixation. It controls the initial reaction, converting CO2 into organic molecules essential for plant growth. Different adaptations in C3, C4, and CAM plants optimize

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Chloroplasts are vital organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy. They contain chlorophyll pigments for light absorption and play a crucial role in synthesizing foodstuffs. Marker enzymes such as RUBISCO, NADP-Reductase, and ATP synthase a

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The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions, is a crucial part of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose. This cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and utilizes ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce sugars for plants. It consists

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