Understanding Downer Cow Syndrome (DCS) in Cattle
Downer Cow Syndrome (DCS) is characterized by the inability of cows to rise, commonly seen around calving. It is associated with metabolic disorders, physical injuries, and prolonged recumbency. Risk factors include poor housing conditions and health issues like mastitis. Clinical signs range from d
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Understanding Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, pose significant risks to both the mother and fetus. Gestational hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure after 20 weeks of gestation, while preeclampsia involves hypertension with end-organ man
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Understanding Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients
Nephrotic syndrome is a significant chronic disease in children characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. It is primarily idiopathic, with secondary causes including SLE, sickle cell disease, and infections. The pathophysiology involves glomerular dysfunction le
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Comprehensive Testing Recommendations for Pre-Gestational Diabetes Management by Dr. Donna D. Johnson, MD
Routine prenatal labs, including screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria, hemoglobin A1C, basic tests like BMP and TSH, and frequency of tests such as HbA1C, home glucose monitoring, urine ketones, and serum creatinine are crucial for managing pre-gestational diabetes. Additional assessments like dil
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