Placenta Accreta Syndrome (PAS) is characterized by abnormal placental implantation with firm adherence to the uterine muscle due to the absence of certain layers. Risk factors include previous cesarean section, placenta previa, advanced maternal age, and uterine anomalies. Diagnosis involves ultras

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Stillbirth, the delivery of a baby with no signs of life after 20 completed weeks of pregnancy, can have profound emotional and social effects. Unexplained causes account for 50% of cases, with fetal, placental, and maternal factors contributing. Risk factors include obesity, maternal age, smoking,

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Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) plays a key role in prenatal testing by analyzing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to determine fetal fraction and detect genetic anomalies like Down syndrome. The process involves DNA extraction, library construction, barcode labeling, sample pooling, quantification, and seque

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During pregnancy, endocrinological structures like the corpus luteum and placenta play vital roles in the production of hormones such as progesterone and estrogens. Progesterone maintains pregnancy by controlling essential functions like endometrial differentiation, myometrial quiescence, and local

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Retention of fetal membranes, a common issue during the third stage of labor, has significant consequences for animals, especially cattle. Causes include insufficient expulsive efforts and placental issues. The incidence ranges from 6.8% to 50%, often associated with dystocia and twin births. Factor

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This case involves a clinical judgement test scenario of an 8-hour-old Standardbred colt foal presenting with recumbency, weakness, and abnormal blood parameters. The foal's history suggests possible placental insufficiency and dysmaturity, leading to pulmonary dysfunction and other complications. I

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Normal parturition, also known as childbirth, involves several stages including uterine contractions, cervix dilatation, fetal positioning, and the weakening of the placental connection. The process gradually prepares the birth canal for delivery, with the fetus assuming a specific position for birt

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This comprehensive guide covers the management of hypertension terms in pregnancy, including chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia. It discusses the risks associated with high blood pressure during pregnancy and the potential complications such as multi-organic

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Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy encompass conditions like pregnancy-induced hypertension, chronic hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and imminent eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia, affecting around 3% of pregnancies, poses risks such as elevated BP, fluid retention, and various clinical manifestatio

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Mammalia, a class of animals, exhibit distinct characteristics like hair presence, mammary glands for young ones, and warm-bloodedness. They are classified into subclasses like Prototheria (egg-laying), Metatheria (marsupials), and Eutheria (placental mammals). Monotremes belong to Prototheria and i

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Occipito-posterior position of the fetal head occurs when the head is in one of the oblique diameters with the occiput directed posteriorly. It can be categorized into Right Occipito-Posterior Position (ROP) and Left Occipito-Posterior Position (LOP), affecting 13% of vertex presentations. Causes in

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This lecture covers factors influencing placental transfer, harmful effects of drugs at different developmental stages, FDA classifications of drugs, and teratogenic drugs. It explains how drugs cross the placenta, including physiochemical properties and stage of development affecting transfer. The

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Delve into the diverse world of mammals, characterized by unique features like specialized teeth, hair, and mammary glands. Learn about the different groups of mammals, from primitive monotremes to specialized placental mammals. Witness the fascinating adaptations of marsupials, placentals, and vari

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Clinical assessment was conducted on a 4-month-old male with bilateral microphthalmia due to a genomic deletion in the 13q12.11 region. The deletion encompasses part of a protein-coding gene and has been associated with various birth defects and developmental delays in previous cases. Detailed evalu

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Study examines the correlation between placental growth factor markers and clinical outcomes in suspected pre-eclampsia patients at Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells. It explores the diagnostic challenges, diagnostic issues, PET ratio test, and NICE guidelines. Objectives include validating marker appro

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Third trimester bleeding can be caused by various factors like placental abruption and previa, requiring prompt evaluation including assessing fetal heart rate and determining placental location. Different complications can arise for both the mother and fetus, necessitating specific management plans

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This session featured a case-based panel discussion by Dr. Michael S. Saag on selecting antiretroviral therapy for specific patient profiles, including those coinfected with hepatitis B virus and HIV, pregnant partners of HIV-seropositive patients, and individuals experiencing chronic kidney disease

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Accurate blood pressure assessment is crucial for predicting pre-eclampsia and placental dysfunction. The Tommy's app offers a standardized approach, including proper technique, validated monitors, cuff positioning, and multiple parameters like mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculation. It emphasizes

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