Explore the pharmacokinetics lecture focusing on clinical implications such as changes in drug half-life in various patient conditions. Learn about dosage regimen design and optimization, including considerations for achieving therapeutic drug levels. Discover clinical situations requiring dosage ad

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Guires industry experts co-create the concept through your vision & formulate science-based food prototypes for start-ups, global brands & major retailers. Guires FRL bridges the boundaries of preclinical study with experts in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for market competitive product deve

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Posology, the science of determining drug dosage, is influenced by various factors including age, sex, body weight, route of administration, and more. Changes in pharmacokinetics with age, differing drug responses in men and women, and the importance of body weight in dosing are crucial consideratio

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Pharmacokinetics, as explained in a lecture by Oula Mohammed Sami, M.B.Ch.B/MSc in clinical pharmacology, delves into how the body processes drugs, contrasting with pharmacodynamics which focuses on drug actions. Key topics covered include properties influencing treatment outcomes, the significance

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Aminoglycoside antibiotics are potent but require precise dosing due to variability among patients. Suggested dosing adjustments based on serum concentrations can ensure therapeutic levels without toxicity. Various methods, like linear pharmacokinetics, individualized dosing, and computerized progra

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Explore the historical roots of pharmacology from ancient civilizations like India, China, and Egypt. Learn about the development and principles of drug activity, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Discover early medicinal practices and the evolution of drug administration. Gain insigh

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Aspirin toxicity, though decreasing in incidence, can still result in severe consequences such as metabolic acidosis, seizure, and even death. This condition is often underestimated due to lack of familiarity with its clinical presentation. Treatment focuses on maintaining salicylate in the ionized

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Research ethics play a crucial role in clinical trials and therapeutic research in the field of pharmacy. From discovery to validation, all medicines undergo rigorous evaluation processes to ensure safety, efficacy, and freedom from adverse effects. Clinical trials in both animals and humans are ess

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block nerve impulse conduction effectively for pain management without motor blockade. Their chemistry, including lipophilic groups and ionizable groups, contributes to their efficacy. LAs have rapid onset, long duration, reversibility, and minimal side effects. Pharmacokinet

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Skeletal muscle relaxants encompass different types, including neuromuscular blockers, spasmolytic drugs, and peripherally-acting agents. They are classified based on mechanisms of action and play crucial roles in inducing skeletal muscle relaxation for various clinical applications. Understanding t

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Clinical pharmacokinetics involves applying pharmacokinetic principles to personalize medication dosages for optimal therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse reactions. It covers drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacodynamics focuses on the relationship between drug c

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Learn about the types, locations, and actions of cholinergic receptors, the mechanism of action of direct-acting cholinomimetics, pharmacokinetics of cholinergic drugs, and the pharmacological actions and uses of cholinomimetics. Explore the roles of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the nervous

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Anxiety disorders are conditions characterized by excessive worry and fear that can interfere with daily life. Common types include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, and OCD. Treatment options include psychotherapy and anxiolytic drugs such as benzodiazepines, 5HT1A agonists, be

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This presentation covers the pharmacokinetic parameters, dosing guidelines, therapeutic and toxic concentrations, and factors affecting digoxin clearance and distribution. It explores how digoxin clearance is linked to creatinine clearance, usual dosing regimens for adult patients, and disease state

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Phenytoin, a medication with high protein binding and hepatic metabolism, exhibits saturated pharmacokinetics with a narrow therapeutic range of 10-20 µg/mL for total serum concentrations. Adverse effects vary with serum levels: minor CNS depression at >15 µg/mL, nystagmus at >20 µg/mL, and ataxi

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Gain insights on frequently used medications in the perioperative period for infants and children, including anesthesia medications. Explore pharmacokinetics, drug distribution in neonates, and the effects of common anesthesia agents on pediatric patients. Understand how immature kidney or liver fun

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This lecture covers the classification of respiratory tract infections and the antibiotics commonly used to treat them. It highlights the types of infections caused by viruses and bacteria, along with their respective treatments. The mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, such as p

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Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, is utilized in managing congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation due to its inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. It functions by inhibiting Na,K-ATPase, leading to increased intracellular calcium concentrations and augmented myocardial contractility.

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Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics play essential roles in the research, development, and optimization of pharmaceutical products. Biopharmaceutics focuses on the interrelationship of drug properties, dosage forms, and administration routes on drug absorption, while pharmacokinetics delves into d

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Explore the mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, and clinical uses of fluconazole. Learn about its role in treating various fungal infections, including candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and dermatophytosis, while being aware of resistance issues and dosing considerations.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, with various bacteria causing the infection. Different groups of antibiotics are used to treat UTIs, each with its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, and adverse effects. Antibiotics such as Co-trimoxazole, Nitrofurantoin, and Cephalosporins

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Understanding age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is crucial for appropriate drug prescribing in older adults. Recognizing high-risk medications to avoid, understanding common drug interactions, and conducting regular drug list reviews are key components in providing safe an

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Explore the intricate world of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, from drug absorption to their interaction with biological molecules. Learn about different drug targets, such as proteins and ions, and how drugs alter their biochemical and biophysical activities. Dive into molecular mechanisms o

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Signs, symptoms, and types of angina pectoris are explored, along with the determinants of oxygen demand and supply. Treatment options, including organic nitrates like isosorbide mononitrate and nitroglycerine, are detailed, highlighting their mechanisms of action, hemodynamic effects, adverse react

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Propofol is a widely used IV hypnotic with a unique mechanism of action involving GABA receptors and dopamine modulation. Its history, from initial anaphylactic reactions to current emulsion formulations, is intriguing. Understanding its pharmacokinetics, including metabolism in the liver and kidney

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This collection encompasses various CRFs related to laboratory procedures in the context of Pharmacokinetics for a study. It includes forms for enrollment, specimen storage, safety laboratory results, and specific days for sample collection. The CRFs detail the storage, collection, and documentation

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Drug interactions with tobacco smoke can impact the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various medications. Tobacco smoke constituents can induce enzymes that affect the metabolism of drugs, leading to altered therapeutic responses. For example, CYP1A2 enzyme induction by tobacco smoke can dec

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Effective management of pain, sedation, and delirium is essential in critical care settings to optimize patient comfort, facilitate recovery, and ensure better outcomes. The goal is to control pain adequately, minimize sedative use, and address indications for analgesia and sedatives while being min

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Medical cannabis, a topic of growing interest, has a complex history in the United States dating back to the mid-1800s. Despite legal and social challenges, it has gained acceptance for therapeutic use, with various states legalizing it for medical purposes. This article delves into the mechanisms o

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Study M02-418 compared once-daily (QD) and twice-daily (BID) LPV/r in combination with TDF and FTC for HIV treatment. The primary endpoint was achieving HIV RNA <50 c/mL at week 48, aiming for non-inferiority of QD vs. BID dosing. Patient characteristics, treatment response at week 48, and pharmacok

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The study of ocular pharmacology involves understanding general pharmacological principles, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics. Drugs can be delivered to ocular tissue locally via eye drops, ointments, injections, or systemically through oral or intravenous routes. Factors such as drug concentra

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This course provides pharmacy students with a foundation in pharmaceutical calculations including concentration expressions, density, isotonicity, and more. The curriculum focuses on practical skills essential for pharmacy practice. Students will learn how to handle medicinal prescriptions and perfo

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Ocular pharmacology faces challenges in effective drug delivery due to blood-retinal, blood-aqueous, and blood-vitreous barriers that impede high drug concentrations in the eye. Various routes of administration, including topical and local injections, are employed to overcome these barriers. Pharmac

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Explore the intricate world of ocular pharmacology with Dr. Ajai Agrawal, an Additional Professor at A.I.I.M.S., Rishikesh. The learning objectives cover pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and various routes of drug administration in ocular treatments. Delve into the anatomy of the eye, tear film c

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This presentation by Dr. Debbie Norrie discusses the physiological changes in the elderly that can lead to medication harm. It covers aspects such as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, emphasizing the need to consider withdrawal of certain medications in the elderly population. The speaker intro

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Uncover the rich history of pharmacology from ancient civilizations to modern times, tracing the origins of medicinal practices and the development of drug-related concepts. Delve into the fundamental areas of pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, to understand the mechanism

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Alkylating agents have a long history as anti-cancer drugs, with Mechlorethamine being the first developed in 1942. They react with cells in all phases of the cell cycle, causing DNA alkylation and cross-link formation. Common alkylating agents include Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, and Temozolomide.

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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, focused on ADME processes, play a crucial role in drug development and delivery. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion determine how drugs interact within the body. Absorption involves transfer into the bloodstream, while distribution entails the spre

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This lecture introduces the toxicology of plants containing cyanide, focusing on factors affecting cyanide poisoning, cyanogenic plants, mechanisms of toxicosis, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It discusses species variations in susceptibility, plant growth

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Population pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in preterm infants were evaluated to predict the doses needed for treatment. Early antiretroviral treatment recommendations for neonates, challenges with available ARV formulations, and the importance of data to inform nevirapine dosing in preterm infants we

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