Delve into the world of narcotic analgesics and opiates, exploring the history of opium poppy, morphine derivatives, opioid compounds, and the pharmacology mechanisms of action. Discover the uses of opiates in analgesia, preanesthetic medication, and more, alongside the endogenous ligands involved.

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Diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal issue characterized by increased bowel movements and abdominal discomfort. This presentation delves into the causes and types of diarrhea, including acute and chronic forms. It also explores the various classes of anti-diarrheal medications and their mechanisms

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