The Pala Empire, known for its significant expansion and patronage of Mahayana Buddhism, saw key rulers like Gopala, Dharmapala, and Devapala leading to a cultural flourishing with establishments like Vikramashila and Nalanda universities. Noted Buddhist scholars from this period include Atisha and

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Emperor Harsha, who came to the throne at 14, faced challenges but proved victorious against enemies like Shashanka, expanded his empire across North India, and fostered cultural and educational growth, notably with Nalanda University. His reign saw diplomatic successes, like befriending the King of

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Aryabhatta, a mathematician and astronomer from the fifth century C.E., hailed from Kerala and studied at Nalanda University. He made groundbreaking discoveries such as the invention of zero, the place value system, and an approximate value of pi. His work "Aryabhatiya" delves into astronomy, arithm

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