This work presents the QoE Doctor, a solution for accurate and repeatable QoE measurements and analysis in mobile apps. By introducing UI automation, it enables the replay of user behavior to measure UI layer QoE metrics without modifying app source code. The QoE Doctor also supports multi-layer dia

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Telecommunications is the electronic transmission of information over distances, including voice calls, data, text, images, and video. It encompasses a range of technologies like fiber optics, satellites, telephones, and the Internet. Components of a telecommunications network include terminals, int

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Layer-2 token marketing promotes tokens built on scalable layer-2 solutions, highlighting benefits like faster transactions and lower fees. Get connected with our experts today and launch a lucrative \ntoken platform.

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The ozone layer, found in the stratosphere at 15 to 40 km altitude, plays a crucial role in absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. However, due to the use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the ozone layer has been depleted, leading to the formation of the ozone hole. This depletion is caused by chemi

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In this lecture by Dr. Erwin Sitompul at President University, the focus is on Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) in neural networks, discussing their architecture, design considerations, advantages, learning algorithms, and training process. MLPs with hidden layers and sigmoid activation functions enabl

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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) discusses platform layer updates for the CAELUM (7.0) release of the Core Flight System in the 2021 Flight Software Workshop. The platform layer consists of the Operating System Abstraction Layer (OSAL) and Platform Support Package (PSP), whic

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The performance of a transmission line in power systems is critical for efficient operation. Factors such as voltage drop, line losses, and transmission efficiency are key considerations in design and operation. The line parameters of resistance, inductance, capacitance, and shunt conductance play c

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Transmission modes in computer networks can be divided into serial and parallel modes. Parallel transmission allows multiple bits to be sent simultaneously over separate media, while serial transmission sends one bit at a time. The choice between serial and parallel transmission depends on factors s

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Communication in computer networks is facilitated through different layers such as the data link, network, and transport layers. Each layer has specific responsibilities in ensuring data delivery from one point to another. The data link layer handles communication between adjacent nodes, the network

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Mobile computing is crucial for continuous internet connectivity regardless of physical location. The TCP/IP protocol suite, consisting of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), forms the backbone of internet infrastructure. IP addressing and mobility challenges are addresse

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Boundary layer module explains the presence of viscous forces near a surface due to fluid flow, leading to laminar or turbulent boundary layers. Flow separation occurs when a boundary layer detaches from a surface, impacting lift and drag forces. Adverse pressure gradients and flow separation phenom

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Chromatography techniques are used in laboratories to separate and identify components of mixtures. Paper chromatography is a type where a developing solution travels up a filter paper, separating compounds based on their affinity to the stationary phase. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a similar

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Viruses are intracellular parasites that require transmission to a new host to evade immune responses. This transmission process, whether through respiratory droplets, fecal-oral routes, or sexual contact, is crucial in the viral life cycle. Different modes of transmission, such as horizontal and ve

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This document explores the concept of multi-link transmission in IEEE 802.11 networks as a means to enhance peak throughput. It delves into the proposal of a multi-link block acknowledgment mechanism for more efficient data transmission. The discussion includes details on existing block acknowledgme

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The document discusses the importance of layered Quality of Service (QoS) and multi-layer transmission in meeting the high throughput and real-time requirements of metaverse applications over WLAN. It emphasizes the need for enhanced throughput, reliability, reduced latency, and improved power effic

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The content highlights the OSI model and layered tasks in networking, explaining the functions of each layer in the OSI model such as Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, and Application Layer. It also discusses the interaction between l

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In this study presented at IEEE SECON 2018, the authors investigate the throughput limits of multi-hop wireless networks employing reconfigurable antennas (RAs). Challenges such as unreliable links, interference, and large overhead are addressed, with existing approaches at both the link/network lay

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Bedforms in unidirectional flow exhibit various characteristics such as sediment layer thicknesses, boundary layer dynamics, presence of ripples and dunes, and the interplay between flow velocity and sediment deposition. These bedforms, including ripples and dunes, form due to interactions between t

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Exploring Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) for mapping physical addresses to logical addresses in networking, along with insights on the Transport Layer's role in providing communication services to application processes. Learn about RARP packet formats, encapsulation, and the significance

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In the realm of networking, exploring the principles of transport layer services is crucial. This involves concepts like multiplexing/demultiplexing, reliable data transfer, flow control, and congestion control, which are facilitated by protocols such as UDP and TCP. The transport layer acts as a br

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Exploring the data link layer in computer networks, this lecture discusses the node-to-node communication, services provided, such as framing, flow control, error control, and congestion control. Through a series of images, the concept of links and nodes, as well as the responsibilities of the data

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The Data Link Layer (DLL) is the second layer of the OSI model, responsible for error detection and correction, framing, addressing, synchronization, flow control, and multi-access protocols. It deals with logical link control and media access control, addressing destination hardware, avoiding data

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In 2019, Ian Heap, Director of the International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds (HRAC), is leading an initiative to enhance the survey and overhaul the website to target completion by year-end. The website will undergo a three-tiered redesign focusing on presentation layer, application layer, a

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Multi-layer insulation (MLI) systems play a crucial role in cryogenic applications, affecting vacuum quality and efficiency. This study explores the use of activated charcoal fabric (ACF) as a potential replacement for traditional spacer materials in MLI, enhancing cryopumping performance. By incorp

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This document explores the performance aspects, benefits, and assumptions of multi-link operations in IEEE 802.11-19/1291r0. It discusses the motivation for multi-link operation in new wireless devices, potential throughput gains, classification of multi-link capabilities, and operation modes. The s

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Meridian is an SDN platform developed by Mohammad Banikazemi, David Olshefski, Anees Shaikh, John Tracey, and GuohuiWang at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. The platform focuses on providing cloud network services efficiently. It encompasses an architecture that enables faster and more convenient n

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Explore the comprehensive structure and operations of ZFS, covering aspects like MOS layer, object-set layer, Dnode, Block Pointer, and TRIM operations. Learn about the meta-object set (MOS), dataset and snapshot layer (DSL), and storage pool allocator (SPA) modules within ZFS. Understand how ZVOLs,

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The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) plays a crucial role in atmospheric dynamics, divided into surface, mixed, stable, and residual layers. During the day, the mixed layer experiences convective motions due to surface heating, while the stable layer dominates during the night. Understanding these lay

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In September 2016, a proposal was introduced to enhance the beamforming training procedures in IEEE 802.11ay for increased efficiency and MIMO support. The proposal suggests a multi-stage, multi-resolution beamforming training framework to improve efficiency in scenarios with high-resolution beams a

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This content delves into the concepts of Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), exploring their origins, application in web security, and protocol stack integration. It covers the TLS/SSL handshake process, key derivation, data transfer mechanisms, and the significance of the

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Modular Layer 2 (ML2) is a new core plugin in OpenStack Neutron that enables interface with various network mechanisms and types for enhanced flexibility and efficiency. It replaces deprecated plugins like Open vSwitch and Linuxbridge, offering a more modular and feature-rich approach for managing l

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The Earth's atmosphere is a vital layer of gases that encircles our planet, providing the necessary conditions for life to thrive. It consists of several distinct layers, each with unique characteristics and functions. From the troposphere closest to the surface to the thermosphere extending to grea

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Prof. H.A. Odeyinka's keynote paper discusses the importance of developing sustainable infrastructures amidst declining economic resources in the face of climate change and global disasters. It highlights the concepts of climate change, sustainable development, atmospheric layers, ozone layer, carbo

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Explore Chapter 2 of the course on Computer Communication and Networks, focusing on the application-layer protocols in the client-server paradigm, specific protocols like HTTP and SMTP, client-server architecture, peer-to-peer architecture, and addressing needs in the network application layer.

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In this IEEE 802.11-23/2009r0 document, the concept of Multi-AP coordination is discussed to achieve Ultra High-reliability (UHR) goals. The use of both Coherent Joint Transmission (JT) and Non-coherent transmission technologies is explored for improved reliability and performance in wireless commun

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The document discusses the integration of multi-access point (AP) coordination to enhance the transmission of low-latency traffic in wireless networks. It addresses the challenges and introduces modes of operation capable of reducing latency and improving reliability for low-latency (LL) traffic tra

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ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) plays a crucial role in bridging the Layer 2/Layer 3 addressing boundary in the TCP/IP protocol stack, allowing IP to be agnostic about layer 2 addressing while still using layer 2 for packet delivery. Machines ARP for MAC addresses within their local network, where

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The link layer, an essential component in computer networks, is implemented at every host through adapters like NICs or Ethernet/802.11 cards. It handles tasks such as frame encapsulation, error checking, and flow control to ensure reliable data transmission between nodes. Link layer services includ

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The link layer, also known as the data link layer, plays a crucial role in transferring data between adjacent nodes over communication links. This layer is responsible for framing, access control, reliable delivery, error detection and correction, flow control, and more. It is implemented in network

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The DICOM WG21 Multi-Energy Imaging Supplement aims to address the challenges and opportunities in multi-energy imaging technologies, providing a comprehensive overview of imaging techniques, use cases, objectives, and potential clinical applications. The supplement discusses the definition of multi

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