Hypoglycemia can present with various etiologies, including insulinoma, NIPHS, and antibody-related disorders. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation and specialized tests. Treatment may involve partial pancreatectomy or exclusion of surreptitious causes. Guidelines emphasize the importance of thor

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Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs) can be classified as functioning or non-functioning, with functioning tumors producing active hormones such as insulin, glucagon, gastrin, or VIP. Symptomatic control is crucial for managing these tumors, with diagnoses based on clinical syndromes and hormo

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