The Ginzburg-Landau phenomenological theory explains superconductivity and superfluidity as distinct thermodynamic phases. It focuses on phase transitions characterized by singularities in specific heat at the transition temperature. Derived from BCS theory, it quantifies condensation energy, emphas

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Crystal Field Theory (CFT) explains the colors and magnetic properties of transition metal complexes. It focuses on the energy changes in d-orbitals of metal ions caused by surrounding ligands. This theory, developed in 1929, provides insights into the bonding interactions in complex compounds. The

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Over millennia, human perception of the universe has transformed from viewing the sky as a dome above a flat Earth to accepting the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus. Ancient beliefs, such as the Hebrew view of the universe, gave way to Greek philosophers' spherical Earth theory and the even

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Social Learning Theory, introduced by Bandura, emphasizes learning through observation and modeling. It explores how individuals acquire behavioral dispositions, trial-and-error experiences, and the impact of stimuli in the environment. The theory focuses on the importance of attention, retention, a

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Development of mathematical theories such as model theory, proof theory, set theory, recursion theory, and computational complexity is discussed, starting from historical perspectives with Dedekind and Peano to Godel's theorems, recursion theory's golden age in the 1930s, and advancements in proof t

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Explore the evolution of organizational behavior from early management theories to contemporary practices. Understand the historical foundations and relevance of management theory in shaping workplace dynamics. Delve into key concepts like Scientific Management, Administrative Management, Bureaucrat

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Various theories such as Divine Origin, Force Theory, Patriarchal Theory, and others explain the origin of the state. Divine theories attribute state creation to God, while Force Theory emphasizes the strong subjugating the weak to establish authority. Each theory offers unique perspectives on the h

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Forgetting is a complex phenomenon influenced by theories such as Decay Theory, Interference Theory, and Motivated Forgetting. The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve highlights how memories fade over time. Decay Theory suggests memories decay over time, while Interference Theory explains how old and new me

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Psychological theories of criminality delve into the association between intelligence, personality, learning, and criminal behavior. Major theories include Psychodynamic Theory by Freud, Behavioral Theory by Bandura, and Cognitive Theory by Kohlberg. These theories explore how unconscious mental pro

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The geocentric theory placed Earth at the center of the universe, with all planets revolving around it, while the heliocentric theory proposed the Sun as the central body. Influential figures like Aristotle, Ptolemy, and Copernicus greatly impacted the understanding of our solar system, leading to p

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Austin's Theory of Law, presented by Rinkey Sharma, delves into the Imperative Theory of Law as proposed by Austin, known as the father of English jurisprudence. It explores General and Particular Jurisprudence, Austin's definition of law, and the elements of positive law, emphasizing the concepts o

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The field of International Relations (IR) encompasses various theories that seek to explain global phenomena, drawing from disciplines like history, philosophy, and economics. Theory, derived from contemplation and speculation, organizes ideas to explain issues such as state emergence, conflict caus

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The theory of firms is explored through the Neoclassical and Modern perspectives. Neoclassical theory focuses on profit maximization, while Modern theory delves into managerial, principal-agent, and transaction cost theories. The discussion covers criticisms of Neoclassical theory and the essential

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Forces play a crucial role in causing changes in motion, as observed through the perspectives of Aristotle on natural and violent motion, the beliefs about Earth's rest, and Copernicus challenging the geocentric view with a heliocentric model. The concept of forces driving motion has evolved over ce

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Overview of theories of causation categorized into psychological, social psychological, and sociological perspectives. Psychological theories focus on instinctive, biological, and psychological qualities of abusers, including Attachment Theory, Psychodynamic Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Situa

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Nicolaus Copernicus, born on 19th Feb 1473 in Torun, Poland, was a key figure in the Renaissance era. He proposed the revolutionary Heliocentric Theory and argued that the planets revolved around the Sun. His major work, "On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres," challenged the geocentric view of the

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Exploring G.H. Sabine's perspective on political theory through a contextual approach, emphasizing the importance of historical context and societal influences. Sabine argues that while political theory evolves with its contemporary politics, it should be analyzed within its specific time and social

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At the turn of the century, the discovery of the photoelectric effect challenged the wave theory of light, leading to the development of the quantum theory by Max Planck and Albert Einstein. This new theory introduced the concept of discrete energy units known as quanta, bridging the gap between wav

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The Scientific Revolution marked a shift from the medieval worldview to a secular, rational, and materialistic perspective. Key terms such as geocentric and heliocentric conceptions, Cartesian dualism, rationalism, and the scientific method played pivotal roles in shaping this transformative period.

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Explore the historical development of astronomy with renowned figures like Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler. Discover key advancements in our understanding of the solar system and beyond, including the heliocentric model, telescopic observations, and planetary movement laws.

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Overview of Dp-branes, NS5-branes, and U-duality derived from nonabelian (2,0) theory with Lie 3-algebra. Introduction to M-theory, including M2-branes and M5-branes in the strong coupling limit. Discussion on BLG theory, Lorentzian Lie 3-algebra, and the ABJM theory for M2-branes.

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Explore the history of astronomy from ancient Egyptian beliefs in Ra to the groundbreaking theories of Copernicus and Galileo. Witness how technology has revolutionized our understanding of the universe, leading to discoveries such as the heliocentric model and Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

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Perturbation theory is a powerful tool in solving complex physical and mathematical problems approximately by adjusting solutions from a related problem with known solutions. This theory allows for more accurate approximate solutions by treating the difference as a small perturbation. An example inv

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Divine Command Theory asserts that morality is derived from God's commands, contrasting with Virtue Theory which focuses on developing moral virtues to achieve human flourishing and excellence. Divine Command Theory relies on religious texts, while Virtue Theory emphasizes the cultivation of virtues

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Fermi liquid theory, also known as Landau-Fermi liquid theory, is a theoretical model that describes the normal state of metals at low temperatures. Introduced by Landau and further developed by Abrikosov and Khalatnikov, this theory explains the similarities and differences between interacting ferm

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In this research, time-distance measurements were conducted to study meridional circulation in solar activity. The east-west signal was found to be similar to the north-south signal, prompting analysis steps involving spherical harmonics computation, image reconstruction, filtering, cross-correlatio

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Computational Learning Theory explores inductive learning algorithms that generate hypotheses from training sets, emphasizing the uncertainty of generalization. The theory introduces probabilities to measure correctness and certainty, addressing challenges in learning hidden concepts. Through exampl

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This course overview covers concepts in automata theory and theory of computation, including formal language classes, grammars, recognizers, theorems in automata theory, decidability, and intractability of computational problems. The Chomsky hierarchy, interplay between computing components, modern-

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Galileo Galilei, born in 1564, navigated the turbulent waters of a Europe divided by cultural, religious, and political upheavals. The backdrop of the Counter-Reformation and the clash between geocentric and heliocentric astronomical theories shaped Galileo's scientific endeavors, challenging establ

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Explore various theories of interest in economics, including the Classical Theory, Liquidity Preference Theory by Keynes, Productivity Theory, Abstinence Theory, Time-Preference Theory, Fisher's Time Preference Theory, and the Loanable Fund Theory. These theories offer different perspectives on the

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Before the 1500s, the geocentric model placed Earth at the center of the universe, which was later challenged by Copernicus with a heliocentric model. Kepler's laws further refined our understanding, particularly the first law focusing on planetary motion in elliptical orbits. This experiment demons

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Delve into the historical journey of atomic theory starting from Democritus and Aristotle's views to modern advancements proving some aspects of Dalton's theory incorrect. Learn about key laws and theories such as the Particle Theory of Matter, Dalton's Atomic Theory, and JJ Thomson's discoveries, s

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Explore the historical debate between Tycho Brahe's Earth-centered universe and Copernicus's heliocentric model, focusing on the impact of worldviews on interpreting evidence, the relationship between physics and cosmology, and the role of mathematical constructs in representing real entities. Disco

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The Renaissance and Reformation planted seeds for the Scientific Revolution by fostering curiosity and challenging traditional beliefs. The shift from the geocentric to heliocentric theory revolutionized understanding of the universe. The Scientific Method emerged, leading to groundbreaking discover

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This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the Enlightenment and Revolution era between 1550-1789. It covers key concepts including the Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment thinkers such as Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, John Locke, Voltaire, and more. The vocabulary section introduces terms

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Explore the profound scientific and philosophical insights of ancient India as presented by Group 06 with a focus on remarkable achievements like the velocity of light, the Big Bang theory, Vedic astronomy, and concepts such as the heliocentric solar system. Dive into ancient texts like the Rig-Veda

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Join the journey of a student taking a test on the scientific method, exploring experiments at a Science Fair, and deciphering the heliocentric model. Dive into learning objectives, bell work exercises, and engaging activities that enhance understanding of the scientific method. Witness the quest fo

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The Church historically backed the Geocentric Model, placing Earth at the center of the universe based on biblical interpretations. However, trailblazing astronomers like Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler challenged this notion by proposing the Heliocentric Model with the Sun at the center. This shift l

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Explore the evolution of scientific theories and methodologies through the works of influential figures like Aristotle, Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Francis Bacon. From the geocentric beliefs of Aristotle to the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, witness the shift in paradigms and the em

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The Tsai-Hill failure theory is based on the strengths of a unidirectional lamina, incorporating longitudinal and transverse tensile and compressive strengths, as well as in-plane shear strength. This theory, derived from the distortion energy theory, provides criteria for determining lamina failure

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