Polytrichum, a genus with worldwide distribution, showcases a fascinating life history as detailed by Dr. Habibur Rahman, Associate Professor at J.N. College, Boko. With 111 species globally and 5 in India, like the common P. alpinum, these plants thrive in cool and shady environments. The gametophy

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The Bryophyta group includes structures like thalli and reproductive organs, particularly in the class Hepaticopsida. These plants have simple or foliose body structures with distinct characteristics such as aseptate rhizoids, ventral scales, and chloroplasts without pyrenoids. The gametophyte is st

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Marchantia, a thalloid bryophyte, exhibits dichotomous branching and a gametophyte-dominant life cycle. It is dioecious with distinct male and female thalli bearing antheridia and archegonia. With around 65 global species, including common ones like M. polymorpha, it thrives in moist, sandy habitats

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Dryopteris, commonly known as wood fern or male fern, is a genus of ferns with around 250 species primarily found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. These ferns have distinct characteristics like creeping rootstocks, fronds with sori, and triangular-shaped leaves with fiddlehead sprouts. The spor

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