Spread spectrum communication is a favored technology in military and commercial applications due to its resistance to jamming and interception. By spreading signals over a wide range of frequencies, it enhances security through encryption and authentication, making it challenging for attackers to d

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The global satellite spectrum monitoring market is estimated to reach $5.14 billion in 2031 from $2.55 billion in 2021, at a growth rate of 7.24% during the forecast period.\nRead Report Overview: \/\/bisresearch.com\/industry-report\/satellite-spectrum-monitoring-market.html

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The 3GPP TSG-RAN WG4 Meeting #97-e held an electronic meeting to discuss NR positioning performance requirements. Agreements were made in the first round, with discussions ongoing in the second round. The work plan focuses on performance parts based on SA testing, with a detailed WP available in the

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This document presents a proposal for Spectrum Sensing Based Deferral (SSBD) to improve channel access in wireless networks. SSBD incorporates spectrum sensing with transmission deferral in a time-bound manner to enhance performance, reliability, and latency control. The proposed solution safeguards

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Explore the concepts of bandwidth utilization, spreading, and transmission modes in data transmission and digital communication. Learn about spread spectrum techniques such as frequency hopping and direct sequence spread spectrum, which enable efficient sharing of wireless communication channels. Di

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Spread spectrum techniques involve spreading a signal over a wide bandwidth for various reasons, such as secure communication, resistance to interference, noise, and jamming. This summary introduces Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), Time Hopping, and h

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The 3GPP TSG-RAN-WG4 Meeting #98-bis-e discussed Channel Modeling for FR2 in the context of NR HST enhancements. Issues related to link budget evaluation and performance requirements were covered. Discussions included channel models for Scenario-B, demodulation performance requirements, and uplink c

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The 3GPP TSG-RAN.WG4 Meeting discussed approval for the NR MIMO OTA workplan, addressed FR2 blocking issues, and emphasized the use of polarized antenna models. Updates were made to the power validation procedure and gNB beams usage criteria for FR1 MIMO OTA channel model validation. Collaboration w

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This research focuses on protecting privacy in crowdsourced spectrum allocation, addressing the security challenges faced due to the presence of multiple entities and the sensitive information collected. By proposing potential ideas like Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) and Secure Multi-Party Comp

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Introduction to plane waves, the electromagnetic spectrum, TV and radio spectrum, and a comparison of wired and wireless systems. Discusses the properties and applications of various frequency ranges within the electromagnetic spectrum. Highlights the efficiency of wireless systems over wired system

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This document provides a summary of the discussions and contributions related to the requirements for FR2 Downlink (DL) 256QAM and 64QAM during the RAN4#94-e-Bis Electronic Meeting. Various companies such as China Telecom, NTT DOCOMO, Nokia, Huawei, and others have submitted background contributions

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Discussions have been held regarding ultra-low BLER requirements for UE and BS, with agreements reached in the first and second rounds. Extra margin considerations and test requirements were emphasized, along with proposals for CQI reporting and FR2 requirements. Open issues include CQI requirements

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This document discusses the principles and key features of unlicensed spectrum in the 6 GHz frequency band, focusing on coexistence with incumbent services, spectrum efficiency, and regulatory discussions. It also delves into channel access design for 3GPP technologies in the 5 GHz band, highlightin

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In the electronic meeting of 3GPP TSG-RAN-WG4, the discussions focused on enhancing RRM for NR and MR-DC, specifically addressing PUCCH SCell activation/deactivation requirements. Points were made regarding the ending points of PUCCH SCell activation for both valid and invalid TA cases, beam informa

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. The spectrum includes a range of characteristics, from highly verbal individuals to non-verbal ones. Various disorders fall under the ASD umbrella, with different l

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This case study highlights the challenges faced by students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in academic, social, and daily living aspects. It discusses the transitional challenges, mission of the Autism Inclusion Program, and statistics related to students with ASD. The study sheds light on the

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Discussion at the 3GPP TSG-RAN-WG4 Meeting #99-e focused on emission-related radiated requirements for DL and UL in relation to adjacent channel protection in NR specifications. Various options and candidates for defining ACLR were explored, along with considerations for spurious emissions and OBUE

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White spaces in the TV band offer opportunities for unlicensed usage, motivating research on white space detection methods like geolocation spectrum databases and spectrum sensing. This study explores errors in white spaces databases, discussing the challenges and implications for white space device

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Personal Growth, Social Integration, and Academic Assistance are the core goals of the College Support Program for Students on the Autism Spectrum at the University of Louisville. The program aims to assist students in self-discovery, advocacy, and skill development to thrive in their academic journ

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This handbook provides insights into spectrum requirements for civil aviation workshops conducted in Egypt and Thailand in October 2016. It covers spectrum strategy, frequency management, spectrum overview for aviation, and frequency assignment planning to support the application of SARPs in Annex 1

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Agreements have been reached on the RRM requirements and scaling factors for FR2 inter-band Carrier Aggregation, focusing on common beam and independent beam management. Discussions include alignment with Release 16 specifications, scenarios, and RF architectures. Interruption requirements for diffe

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This document covers the discussion on PDSCH demodulation parameters and requirements for UE demodulation and CSI reporting in FR2 DL 256QAM, specifically focusing on static channel mode, TDL-D channel mode, and TDL-A channel mode. The document also explores rank options, channel bandwidth, PRB allo

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The document outlines the agenda and discussions from the 3GPP TSG-RAN-WG4 Meeting #98-e held electronically from January 25th to February 5th, 2021. It focuses on RRM requirements and enhancements related to Rel-17 NR HST FR2, involving Nokia and Nokia Shanghai Bell. The meeting delves into the app

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This document delves into the implementation of erasure codes for content channels in IEEE 802.11 systems. By utilizing erasure codes, spectrum efficiency can be boosted without significantly increasing the complexity of encoding and decoding processes. The discussion also covers the duplication of

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The Curtin Specialist Mentoring Program (CSMP) is designed to support tertiary students on the autism spectrum and related conditions by providing specialist mentoring and necessary accommodations. The program addresses the increasing rates of autism spectrum disorder diagnoses in Australia and the

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Spectrum management involves administrative and technical procedures to ensure efficient radio-frequency spectrum utilization without interference. It includes allocation, allotment, and assignment of frequencies for various radiocommunication services. Specific terms related to frequency management

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The document discusses the implications of FCC's plan to allocate lower spectrum for WiFi and its potential impact on V2X services in the automotive industry. A proposal is outlined to add a sharing mode in case of spectrum limitations, aiming to safeguard V2X operations while facilitating WiFi adva

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Beam squint effects in 3GPP TSG-RAN-WG4 meeting are discussed, focusing on the degradation of spherical coverage due to frequency separation between primary and secondary component carriers. The impact on CBM inter-band DL/UL channel aggregation and intra-band CA is also explored, highlighting the n

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Unifying spectrum formulas for suprathermal particles, the proposed pan-spectrum formula provides a versatile fitting method encompassing classic double-power-law, band function, and kappa distribution. Motivated by the need for more accurate spectrum information, the formula introduces five paramet

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This guide sheds light on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) for law enforcement personnel, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and supporting individuals with ASD. It covers the characteristics of ASD, its prevalence, challenges in socialization and communication, and the spectrum of abilities w

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Explore the implementation of market-based methods for spectrum allocation in SATRC countries. Learn about the requirements, benefits, and challenges associated with adopting market-based mechanisms, especially in the context of increasing demand for spectrum and technological advancements. Discover

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The latest developments in 3GPP meetings regarding UE beam assumption for RRM test cases are outlined. Discussions include the need for UE beam type assumptions, updates to test cases for FR2, and upcoming presentations focusing on specific test cases and beam assumptions per test group. Test purpos

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Effective coordination in spectrum management is crucial due to factors like geographical differences, population density, and economic activities, influencing the need for dialogue with neighboring countries to avoid interference. Cross-border agreements ensure efficient spectrum utilization, strat

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The energy spectrum of cosmic rays displays a unique power law behavior with distinct features such as the knee and the ankle. The knee, observed at around 3 PeV, marks a change in the spectral index. Various theories have been proposed to explain the origin of the knee, with suggestions ranging fro

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Autism Spectrum Disorder, a complex neurodevelopmental condition, presents challenges in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Individuals with autism may exhibit impaired social interactions, speech and language disorders, repetitive behaviors, and co-morbid conditions like learning diff

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Spectral breaks in cosmic ray (CR) spectrum reveal rigidity-dependent behaviors, such as proton break at 240 GeV and remarkable hardening post-breaks. Various experiments like PAMELA, ATIC, CREAM II, and others showcase unique features and spectral indices, shedding light on CR composition and accel

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Update on various issues related to IEEE 802 including release of 5.8 GHz in the UK, WRC-19 agenda items, spectrum requirements, consultation responses, and license-exempt spectrum in the UK. Discusses drivers for future demand, DFS, and potential global Wi-Fi band release. Details on bands, user re

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Rich Kennedy presented on the need to change spectrum management practices within IEEE 802, addressing the results of straw polls conducted and proposing further investigation into Multi-band White Space feasibility. The presentation also highlighted the interest in advocating for an AI-managed spec

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Autism Spectrum Disorder, with its unique challenges and strengths, is a complex condition that affects social skills, communication, and behavior. This mentorship program at Shippensburg University aims to support students on the spectrum through person-first language and the social model of disabi

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The document discusses enhancements in UL Tx power management for FR2 spectrum bands, focusing on gap calibration prioritization, P-MPR reporting for BPS-based management, and RRM aspects of UL gap configurations. The agreements and decisions made by RAN4 are outlined, along with considerations for

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