Analgesic agents play a crucial role in managing pain, ranging from mild to severe, with different categories such as opioids, NSAIDs, and triptans. The origin of pain can vary from physiological to neuropathic causes. Opioids target opioid receptors, with discoveries in endogenous ligands like enke

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Delve into the world of narcotic analgesics and opiates, exploring the history of opium poppy, morphine derivatives, opioid compounds, and the pharmacology mechanisms of action. Discover the uses of opiates in analgesia, preanesthetic medication, and more, alongside the endogenous ligands involved.

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Explore the concept of economic forecasting using multi-equation simulation models, focusing on producing data that follows estimated equations rather than estimating model parameters. Learn about endogenous and exogenous variables, the importance of assumptions in forecasting, and the use of simula

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Cutaneous tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its manifestations depend on the host's immunity, route of entry, and bacterial load. It is classified into exogeneous and endogenous sources, with various types such as tuberculides and tuberculous chancre. Clinical features include

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Introducing xtsfkk, a new Stata command for fitting panel stochastic frontier models with endogeneity, offering better control for endogenous variables in the frontier and/or the inefficiency term in longitudinal settings compared to standard estimators. Learn about the significance of stochastic fr

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Pathological pigmentation involves the abnormal deposition of pigments in the body. It can be classified as exogenous or endogenous, with various sources and types of pigments. Melanin, one of the endogenous pigments, plays a crucial role in determining tissue color and can have protective functions

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This content delves into the intricate mechanisms of pain perception, exploring the anterolateral system, nociceptors, endogenous analgesic systems, and more. It covers topics such as free nerve endings, VR1/Capsaicin receptors, referred pain, neuropathic pain, hyperalgesia, and visceral pain. The m

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The paper discusses how inflation expectations were well anchored in the 2000s compared to the 1970s, exploring the factors that influenced this phenomenon. It introduces a model that includes endogenous inflation expectations and highlights the feedback, decreasing gain, and regime-switching featur

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This content delves into the IS-LM theory of static short-run macroeconomics, focusing on the goods market in the short run. It discusses the difference between real and nominal variables, recaps long-run macroeconomics, and explores the Keynesian Cross theory to understand short-run equilibrium. Ex

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Explore the benefits of using invoice currency in international trade, focusing on the implications for importers. The study presents a model of endogenous choice of import frequency and invoice currency, revealing how Home Currency Invoicing (HCI) can help mitigate exchange-rate risks and reduce im

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Explore the causes of tooth discolorations, including both exogenous and endogenous factors, along with the effects of age and various dental conditions. Learn about the importance of tooth shade genuineness and the demand for teeth whitening for improved aesthetics and self-confidence. Discover the

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Mundell's Optimum Currency Area Criteria and the concept of setting the endogeneity stage are discussed in relation to business cycles and trade integration. Approaches to empirically test business cycle synchronization and the theoretical ambiguity with empirical clarity are examined in the context

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Endogeneity in econometrics can create challenges such as omitted variables bias, measurement error, simultaneous causality, and using lagged values. This can affect the accuracy of models. One way to address this is through instrumental variable estimation methods. These methods help deal with endo

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Variables in economics, such as dependent, independent, endogenous, and exogenous variables, play a crucial role in analyzing economic phenomena. Dependent variables are influenced by changes in other variables, while independent variables are not. Endogenous variables are internal and need to be pr

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This presentation delves into the complexities of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), discussing its impact on the neuroendocrine system, treatment options, including Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD), and special populations. The objective is to connect endogenous mechanisms to clinical observation

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This content discusses the difference between background/endogenous and exogenous methanol, how metabolism of endogenous methanol affects exogenous metabolism, and the impact of exposure to different levels of methanol on blood concentrations. It highlights EPA PBPK models and assumptions regarding

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Exploring the fascinating realm of ancient retroviruses, evolutionary biologists are resurrecting extinct deadly viruses to study their impact on human evolution and modern diseases. By investigating the genetic material of viruses, particularly endogenous retroviruses, researchers aim to trace evol

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Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) play a crucial role in predicting network ties in social networks by accounting for network dependence and incorporating both exogenous and endogenous variables. These models allow for testing multiple theories and competitive explanations for network formatio

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Narcotic analgesics, such as opiates and opioids derived from opium, interact with specific opioid receptors in the body to produce analgesic effects. Different opioid receptors have varying effects, with mu (MOP) being a good analgesic but with adverse effects, delta (DOP) and kappa (KOP) have nuan

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Explore the world of viral marketing and user behavior optimization through stochastic optimal control in the realm of human-centered machine learning. Discover strategies to maximize user activity in social networks by steering behaviors and understanding endogenous and exogenous events. Dive into

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Eczema, a common skin condition, is characterized by inflammation and disrupting skin homeostasis. It can be classified morphologically and etiologically, with major pathogenesis factors including reduced skin barrier function and abnormal immune response. Atopic dermatitis, a form of endogenous ecz

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