Learn about the formulation and use of nasal and ear drops in pharmaceutical technology labs. Explore details on nasal drops for nasal passages, ephedrine nasal drop recipe, notes on ingredients, ear drops for ear care, sodium bicarbonate ear drop recipe, and procedures for preparation. Understand t

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The Age-Friendly app addresses the crucial issue of drug-drug interactions between current prescriptions and over-the-counter analgesics in the geriatric population. With a significant percentage of OTC sales attributed to older adults, there is an increased risk of adverse drug events due to polyph

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Discover the concept of purity in chemistry by learning how to differentiate between pure substances and mixtures, exploring formulations in product design, and understanding chromatography techniques to analyze chemical composition.

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Drug regulation involves controlling drug use through international agreement authorities like the FDA, EMA, and PMDA. The FDA plays a crucial role in drug evaluation and research, biologic evaluation, devices, and food safety. There are various types of applications for drug approval, along with a

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Polymeric controlled drug delivery systems play a crucial role in regulating drug release through diffusion, solvent penetration, and chemical mechanisms. These systems include diffusion-controlled, solvent-controlled, and chemically-controlled devices, each operating based on specific principles. S

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This comprehensive set of questions and answers covers topics related to drug excretion and renal pharmacology. It includes information on glomerular filtration, drug excretion mechanisms, dosage adjustments in renal impairment, factors influencing drug excretion, and the effects of long-term NSAID

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Powder formulations play a crucial role in pharmacy for both internal and external use. They come in various dosage forms like vials, suspensions, and dusting powders. Powder mixing methods include spatulation, trituration, sifting, and tumbling, each serving a specific purpose in blending drug subs

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Nasopulmonary drug delivery system, utilizing the nasal route for drug administration, offers advantages such as hepatic first-pass metabolism avoidance and rapid drug absorption. This system is beneficial for pharmacologically active compounds with poor stability in gastrointestinal fluids. While i

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The physicochemical properties of drugs play a crucial role in their pharmacological effects. These properties include physical and chemical characteristics that influence interactions with biomolecules. Solubility, partition coefficient, and dissociation constant are key factors affecting drug beha

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A formulary is a dynamic list of medications curated by healthcare professionals to guide drug selection based on efficacy, safety, cost, and patient acceptability. It plays a vital role in promoting evidence-based and cost-effective drug therapy, improving communication between prescribers and phar

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Understanding the reasons behind drug usage among teens, this lesson provides valuable resources and strategies to stay drug-free. It emphasizes the importance of making healthy decisions and offers alternatives to drug use. Additionally, it highlights the significance of saying no to drugs, provide

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The Hatch-Waxman Act, also known as The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, was enacted in 1984 to amend patent laws and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. It aims to reduce costs associated with generic drug approval, allow early experimental use, compensate branded drug

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Biopharmaceutics explores how drug properties and administration methods impact drug absorption. Factors affecting oral absorption include membrane physiology and drug partitioning based on pH levels. The pH partition theory, explained by Brodie et al., highlights the role of drug lipid solubility a

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In drug development, in-vitro dissolution testing plays a crucial role in evaluating drug release from tablets when in-vivo bioavailability studies are limited. By ensuring drug release is close to 100% and uniform batch to batch, these tests help assess drug availability and effectiveness. Regulato

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Pharmacodynamics explores how drugs interact with receptors in the body, affecting the magnitude of drug effects based on concentration. Graded dose-response relationships, potency, and efficacy play key roles in determining drug efficiency. Potency reflects the amount of drug needed for a specific

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Delve into the complex processes of drug absorption, excretion, and bioavailability in the human body. Learn about the various factors affecting drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, including biological, physiochemical, and pharmaceutical factors. Explore the mechanisms of drug transport

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Explore the quantitative aspects of drug action, including drug receptor binding, concentration binding curves, dose-response curves, and types of antagonism. Learn to relate drug concentration to receptor binding capacity and response produced. Discover how concentration binding curves and dose-res

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Explore key topics such as the definition of drugs for DRE purposes, basic drug statistics, review of symptomatology, and vital signs assessment in the context of Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) training. Learn about CNS depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and analogs, as well as vital signs like

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This presentation at the Asian Criminological Society Conference 2020 delves into the current situation, dilemmas, and responses regarding juvenile drug crime prevention in Taiwan. The presenter, Zeng Li-Wen, a PhD student at Central Police University in Taiwan, provides valuable insights based on t

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Drug abuse is a serious issue involving various substances like prescription drugs, alcohol, and illegal drugs. This includes terms and definitions, effects on the body and mind, stages of addiction, and withdrawal symptoms. Factors influencing drug action and reasons for drug use are also explored.

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Explore the intricate world of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, from drug absorption to their interaction with biological molecules. Learn about different drug targets, such as proteins and ions, and how drugs alter their biochemical and biophysical activities. Dive into molecular mechanisms o

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This chapter explores the various routes of drug administration and dosage formulations, including oral, topical, and parenteral forms. It covers topics like inactive ingredients in tablets, suspension versus emulsion liquid forms, advantages and disadvantages of different formulations, stability of

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The United Nations observes 26th June as the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking to combat substance abuse worldwide. Various initiatives like the National Drug Master Plan, Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan, and the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction aim to raise aware

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This mid-course review covers key aspects such as defining drugs, naming drug categories and subcategories, identifying drug categories for specific drugs, components of drug influence evaluation, and examinations conducted as part of the evaluation process. The content also includes identifying dru

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The World Drug Report 2020 highlights the strong correlation between socioeconomic factors and drug use disorders. Studies reveal that communities facing poverty, violence, and social inequality are at a higher risk of drug overdoses and addiction. Factors like income inequality, lack of social capi

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Targeted clinical investigation plays a crucial role in pharmacovigilance by further evaluating significant risks identified in pre-approval clinical trials. This involves conducting pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, genetic testing, interaction studies, and large simplified trials to ass

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The presentation by Charles Gore, Executive Director of Medicines Patent Pool, at IAS 2019 discussed how the MPP works to ensure future access to innovative drug formulations and delivery mechanisms. The MPP model involves negotiating public health-driven licenses with patent holders, sublicensing t

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This content explores various advanced ophthalmic drug delivery systems including erodible ophthalmic inserts, soluble ocular drug inserts, new ophthalmic drug delivery systems, and bioadhesive ophthalmic drug inserts. These innovative systems aim to provide accurate dosing, prolonged drug release,

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Research conducted by VADOC indicates a total of 570 state responsible inmates incarcerated for marijuana-related offenses as of August 31, 2021. Among them, 229 inmates had non-drug-related Most Serious Offenses, 331 were convicted for Drug Sales MSO, and 10 were convicted for Drug Possession MSO.

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Center for Court Innovation has introduced a new National Drug Court Online Learning System aimed at assisting drug court professionals. This system offers free access to web-based training, expert video lessons, virtual site visits to drug treatment courts, practitioner interviews, and a resource l

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The Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 mandates federal grant recipients to implement zero-tolerance drug policies to maintain a drug-free environment. Employers must establish clear policies, conduct awareness programs, offer counseling and rehabilitation services, and impose penalties for violations.

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Buffers in pharmacy play a critical role in maintaining constant pH levels essential for drug stability and efficacy. They resist pH changes by neutralizing added acids or bases, ensuring proper drug delivery and patient comfort. Common buffer systems, such as acetic acid/sodium acetate and boric ac

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Azole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is crucial for managing antifungal therapy due to factors like drug interactions, compliance issues, disease severity, and pharmacokinetic variability. This monitoring helps ensure optimal drug levels are maintained for effective treatment. Different TDM metho

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The content highlights significant events related to international drug control efforts, emphasizing the launch of the INCB Annual Reports, the UNGASS session at the United Nations, and the focus on health, welfare, and challenges in combating drug abuse. It discusses issues such as new psychoactive

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This study explores the effects of analgesic treatments crossed with gender on pain levels. The data analysis includes factors such as gender and drug type, and the statistical model examines pain index as a linear function of factor levels. The ANOVA results indicate significant effects of gender,

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Explore the quantitative aspects of drug action, including drug receptor binding, dose-response curves, therapeutic utility, and types of antagonism. Learn about drug affinity, efficacy, potency, and the relationship between drug binding and concentration. Discover how concentration-binding curves a

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