Spatial reference systems play a crucial role in defining geographic parameters and coordinate systems for mapping. They consist of components like orientation, latitude, longitude, and elevation, which help in representing spatial properties on maps. Reference surfaces such as the Geoid and ellipso

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Feedback and preparation for the new datums discussed at the 2015 Geospatial Summit by US Army Corps of Engineers, highlighting advantages, challenges, and transition tools and outreach needs for the organization. Emphasis is placed on the importance of vertical datums consistency, relationship impr

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