Genotoxicity involves damage to genetic material, carcinogenicity is the process of abnormal cell growth leading to cancer, and teratogenicity studies birth defects from exposure to toxic agents. These topics are crucial in understanding the impact of chemicals on living organisms and their genetic

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Mycotoxicoses refers to illnesses in humans or animals caused by ingesting substances produced by certain molds or fungi on food. Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin that are potent mutagens, carcinogens, teratogens, and liver damage agents. They were first discovered in the 1960s and are known to be

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Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms, involving xenobiotics and poisonous substances. Toxicologists examine the nature of these effects, testing in lab animals for measures of toxicity such as mortality, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. Ke

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The Japan Petroleum Energy Center (JPEC) conducted extensive studies on Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE) to assess its toxicity, carcinogenicity, and health risks. The research concluded that the use of 7% ETBE-blended gasoline in Japan does not pose significant human health risks through oral or i

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