Sustainable Solutions for Industrial Waste Management
Industrial waste poses environmental challenges, but innovative approaches such as reusing waste, developing eco-friendly cement blocks, and incorporating by-products like recycled concrete aggregates offer promising solutions to reduce waste and emissions. These methods help create a more sustainable industrial landscape while mitigating the impact on the environment.
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Eliminating Industrial Waste North Korea - Shelby Denison, Shannon Doane, and Trevor Zolotas
Industrial Waste and How to Eliminate It Industrial waste is waste produced by industrial enterprises such asfactories, industries, mills, and mining operations. Waste would be considered leftover product labeled as useless and comes in many forms. The waste can be eliminated by reusing the waste to make new products as well as using more efficient processes to reduce the leftover waste. 2
Creating Eco-friendly Cement Blocks Portland Cement is very popular in making cement blocks. Carbon dioxide gas is emitted in the atmosphere, accounting for roughly 8% of global emissions from cement. Researchers developed and tested nine different combinations of a new formula of cement by using non-carbon dioxide materials. https://goo.gl/images/8AJbxp https://goo.gl/images/EJ35hv 3
Cement Continued By-pass dust (BPD) is a by-product collected from the kiln bypass. As a result, BPD contains numerous cement bound phases. Plasterboard gypsum is obtained from a number of sources; construction and demolition sites once obtained the plasterboard is recycled (by grinding and sieving) and all contaminants such as paper and glass are eliminated Basic oxygen slag, "steel slag dust," is a by-product generated during the conversion of iron into steel. Incinerator bottom ash aggregate (IBAA), is an ash product from incineration facilities. Recycled crushed glass 4
Cement Continued Recycled concrete aggregates are aggregates derived from the processing of materials previously used in construction. Clay brick Steel fibre Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Fibre has high adhesive strength and consists of anti- cracking and reinforcement properties. Ordinary Portland Cement- general type of cement Ground granulated blast-furnace slag GGBS is a cement substitute, it is a by- product produced during the production of iron. 5
Cement Continued Each formula was compacted into a one layer mold using a hydraulic compression machine. Each mold was tested before being an approved formula. Split tensile strength test- applies pressure to cement to test for cracking, for 14 to 28 days. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g71xyWSoY0 Slip/skid resistance test- a standard rubber material is attached to a pendulum friction tester, under wet and dry conditions. This tests for the probability of pedestrians slipping and vehicles skidding. 6
Cement Continued Weathering resistance- to determine the blocks capabilities of standing against different temperatures, precipitates, and de-icing salts. Out of all nine original formulas, only one passed all the performed tests: - Ground granulated blast-furnace slag GGBS, By-pass dust BPD, and Ordinary Portland Cement OPC. This formula reduced Portland cement waste by 30% and produced a more eco- friendly cement. https://goo.gl/images/U5nUVt 7
Reducing Metallic pollution of Rivers According to a case study evaluating the Aras river on the concentration of the elements Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd, and Hg , "Enhanced soil erosion, bed load dissolution, and runoffs may play a key role in remarkable augmentation of metallic ions concentration [ ] excessive use of pesticides which contain a variety of metallic ions (mainly Cu) [ ] may also result in an increase in the metals concentration." It was also found that industrial complexes, farm lands, and residential areas cause a sharp increase in the concentration of metallic pollution. 8
Reducing Metallic Pollution continued Metallic pollution increases the risks in "juice, dairy products, edible oil, and sugar cane factories as well as soybean crop lands [ ]" These risks can be reduced by using riparian zones in order to reduce the amount of metallic pollution (nitrates from pesticides and other elements found in soil runoff) from entering the river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riparian_zone#/media/File:Riparian_st rip.jpg 9
Reducing Metallic Pollution continued An example where riparian zones are currently being implemented is the Chesapeake Bay estuary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay#/media/File:Chesapeakelandsat.jpeg 10
CO2 Emissions China Fertilizer epidemic - N fertilizer relies heavily on coal as the main source of energy in its production - For every ton of N produced and used, an average of 13.5 tons of CO2- equivalent is emitted Effects of Greenhouse Gases: Global warming (+0.75oC) Ocean Acidification Plants become less nutritious Smog and Ozone Pollution https://www.google.com/search?q=co2+emissions+by+country&espv=2&biw=1229&bih=588&sourc e=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLtsnSk6zQAhUUz2MKHf9JDFwQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=lxe8ud 3vzUg6CM%3A 11
Carbon Sequestration Takes gaseous CO2 and reacts it with something to produce a solid material. Can be divided into two categories: (i) indirect carbonation and (ii) direct carbonation Indirect carbonation an extraction followed by a carbonation reaction - acid extraction - molten salt process - bioleaching - ammonia extraction - caustic extraction 12
Direct Carbonation Direct mineral carbonation - reaction of a solid alkaline mineral with CO2either in the gaseous or aqueous phase Calcium and magnesium oxides are the ideal feedstocks for mineral carbonation Silicates Advantages: -Minimal use of chemical agents -Utilize Steam 13
Future of Carbon Sequestration Accelerate the carbonation process Developing improved pre-treatment techniques Using different kinds of waste products as source materials. Exploit the heat of reaction with minimal energy and material losses. Net demand for energy - utilized in the preparation of solid reactants, processing, and purification or disposal of the resultant carbonates and by-products. http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/styles/1630x_variable/public/resources/photo- power-plant.jpg?itok=35GXHPCe 14
References Nasehi, F, A H. Hassani, M Monavvari, A R. Karbassi, and N Khorasani. "Evaluating the Metallic Pollution of Riverine Water and Sediments: a Case Study of Aras River."Environmental Monitoring and Assessment : an International Journal Devoted to Progress in the Use of Monitoring Data in Assessing Environmental Risks to Man and the Environment. 185.1 (2013): 197-203. Print. Ganjian, Eshmaiel, Ghassan Jalull, and Homayoon Sadeghi-Pouya. "Using Waste Materials and By-Products to Produce Concrete Paving Blocks." Construction and Building Materials. 77 (2015): 270-275. Print. https://goo.gl/images/EJ35hv http://whatsyourimpact.org/effects-increased-greenhouse-gas-emissions Zhang, W. F., Dou, Z. X., He, P., Ju, X. T., Powlson, D., Chadwick, D., Norse, D., ... Zhang, F. S. (January 01, 2013). New technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogenous fertilizer in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 21, 8375-80. Bobicki, Erin R, Qingxia Liu, Zhenghe Xu, and Hongbo Zeng. "Carbon Capture and Storage Using Alkaline Industrial Wastes." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 38.2 (2012): 302-320. Print. https://goo.gl/images/8AJbxp https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g71xyWSoY0 https://goo.gl/images/U5nUVt 15
Questions??? 16
