Enhancing Higher-Order Thinking in Geography Courses through Concept Connection Strategy
Development of a learning model focused on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is crucial in the 21st century. This study explores the potential of utilizing the concept connection strategy to enhance students' HOTS in geography classes. A quasi-experimental design was employed with high school students in Indonesia, showing promising results in increasing students' HOTS levels. By implementing innovative teaching strategies like concept connection, educators can foster critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity in students.
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Concept Connection Strategy to Concept Connection Strategy to Develop Higher Develop Higher- -Order Thinking in Geography Courses in Geography Courses Order Thinking Ahmad Yani 1 , Asep Mulyadi 2 , and Rosita Rosita 3 1 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesian 2 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesian 3 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesian Corresponding author: ahmadyani@upi.edu
Introduction Introduction Development a learning model oriented to Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is urgent For created Because life 21st Century (Critical Thinking, Collaboration, Communication, Creativity) Cox ( 2019) proposes ten strategy learning in increase HOTS that is (1) Help Determine What Higher-Order Thinking Is, (2) Connect Concepts, (3) Teach Students to Infer, (4) Encourage Questioning, (5) Use Graphic Organizers, (6) Teach Problem-Solving Strategies, (7) ) Encourage Creative Thinking, (8) Use Mind Movies, (9) Teach Students to Elaborate Their Answers, and (10) Teach QARs. Yani (2019) proposed seven potential method _ For increase Skills think level tall that is question and answer , inquiry, heuristics , discussion , role playing, cycle nutation , and connection draft or connection concept One Very strategic _ interesting is connection concept strategy (Cox, 2019; Yani , 2019) has the most potential in increase participant HOTS educate , esp on eye lesson geography high school level .
Methods Methods As an initial study to see the potential of the concepts connection strategy to increase students' HOTS, a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was employed (Campbell & Stanley, 1963; Creswell, 2017). The test was conducted by selecting a group of high school students (n=160) from three high schools in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. First having the group participated in a pre-test session, participated in class using concepts connection strategy as the triage method, and then compared post-test results with pre-test scores using probability statistics t-Tests analysis to show statistical significance. If post-test scores were above the pre-test scores, it can be assumed that the triage teaching strategy was potential to increase students' HOTS.
Strategy Connection Draft Participant educate read material And write 3 5 concepts on scrap paper . Class divided into 5 groups . Representative try connect between available concepts . _ Results data study processed with method test different (t- test ) results pretest And posttest Good on class exoeriment as well as control . Proponent -1 Proponent -2 Perpetrator Connection Draft Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 4 Group 5 Group 1 Group 5 Group 1 Group 2
Results and Discussion Results and Discussion n=1 60 24 26 27 25 27 31 Pre-test mean 57,22 26,02 28,38 26,00 24,69 20,32 Post-test mean 71,66 71,79 62,86 57,60 26,17 41,29 Schools Class t p 2ndSocial 2ndNatural 2ndSocial 2ndNatural 2ndNatural 2ndSocial SMA Cimalaka SMA Cimalaka SMA 3 Sumedang SMA 3 Sumedang SMA 2 Sumedang SMA 2 Sumedang 2,012 2,008 1,995 2,011 2,006 2,001 0,035 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,556 0,000 The mean of post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores (p < 0.05), except for only one class. An independent t-test also revealed significant differences in the mean scores on the pre-test in favor of the post-test (p < 0.05), except for only one class. The results of this initial study show that concept connection games can be used to develop HOTS.
Recording Connection Concept ( has aligned ) Concept 1 Tropic of Cancer Concept 2 Teak tree Concept connection The Tropic of Cancer is latitude 23.5 N. When the sun is at this latitude (June 21), Indonesia is experiencing the dry season. At that time, the teak tree experienced leaf fall (withered). The air experiences peak humidity during the rainy season. Indonesia enters the rainy season in November December, which is when Australia is in summer. Humid air Rainy season Epiphytes are plants that attach to the trunks and branches of other trees. Epiphytes only exist in Tropical Rainforests Xerophyte plants are typical plants in desert areas. Its distribution is strongly influenced by climate Autotrophs are producers, namely plants. A new ecosystem begins with plants (autotrophs) One of the climatic factors that plays a role in the distribution of grassland biomes (especially in Indonesia) is rainfall The way xerophyte plants adapt is to have thick, thorn-shaped or needle-shaped leaves. The desert biome is influenced by climatic conditions, and the climate is influenced by latitude, namely it is located at latitudes 25o - 40 both in the north and south Tropical rain forest epiphytes Xerophyte plants Climate New ecosystem Autotroph Grassland Biome Rainfall Xerophyte plants Adaptation Desert Biome Latitude It is also called a tropical rain forest, so the main factor in the growth of tropical rain forests is rainfall. Cold areas (tundra) do not will Lots grow plant Because lack of outpouring ray sun so the process of photosynthesis very slow tropical rainforest biome rainfall Tundra Biome Photosynthesis
Inquiry And Amount Draft Inquiry process often interpreted as effort participant educate in answer question without notice amount contained concepts _ in question . On inquiry process , amount draft become standard level difficulty in think . Below _ is example containing questions _ one , two , and three concept . When is the sun circulating on Tropic of Cancer Why on moment sun is at on Tropic of Cancer line , tree teak in Indonesia experienced fall leaves ! On symptom elnino , though sun be on on Tropic of Capricorn line , tree teak in Indonesia still still fall leaves . Why ? Participant educate will think more hard For answer question number three Because exists three connected concepts .
Conclusion Conclusion Strategy connection draft in learning geography own potency For train HOTS on participant educate . Strategy connection draft own risks : teachers must own ability For repair logic And channel think participant educate when wrong in elaborate results connection the concept . Teachers must think hard For connect draft If concept demonstrated _ in game done in a way random . If teacher fails in make conclusion between two or three connected concepts , then _ can threaten down trust participant educate to teacher competence in the classroom .
References References Anderson, L.W. & Krathwohl , D.R., et al. A taxonomy for learning , teaching and assessing : A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. New York, Longman (2001) ; Baviskar , S.N., R.T. Hartle , & T. Whitney. Essential criteria to characterize constructivist teaching : derived from a review of the literature and applied to five constructivist-teaching method articles. International Journal of Science Education, 31(4): 541 - 550. (2009) Cox. Teaching Strategies that Enhance Higher-Order Thinking . TeachHUB.com. Available from : https://www.teachhub.com/teaching-strategies/2019/10/teaching-strategies-that-enhance-higher-order- thinking/ (2019) Novak, JD Learning, Creating , and Using Knowledge : concept map as facilitative tool in schools and corporations. Mahwah , New Jersey London. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers . (1998) Suparno , P. 2001. Theory Development Jean Piaget's Cognitive . Yogyakarta . Canisius (2001) Yani , A. Cara Easy Write HOTS questions ( Higher Orders Thinking Skills ) a Approach Distance Reason equipped with Learning Oriented Skills Think Level High . Bandung. Refika . (2019) Zhiqing , Z. 2015. "Assimilation, Accommodation, and Equilibration: A Schema-Based Perspective on Translation as Process and as Product". International Forum of Teaching and Studies Vol. 11 No. 1-2 2015 (p. 84 89). (2015 )
