Health Impacts of Poor Housing

 
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“How in the UK in 2020
does a 2-year-old child die
as a result of exposure to
mould?”
 
Homes are not just physical structures
 
1948 Universal Declaration
 of Human Rights
 
Adequate housing is
a human right
 
Sir Michael Marmot
Asthma
Respiratory illness
Allergies
Developmental problems
Cancer
Asthma
Respiratory illness
Respiratory illness
Cardiovascular illness
Asthma
Physical injury
Infectious disease
Mental health
Nutritional problems
Children’s growth
Healthcare access
 
Hidden Impact of Temporary Accommodation
 
10,256 children died in England
(2019 to 2023)
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Co-sleeping
Harder to sterilise
Not adapted for small children
 
Shared Health Foundation. 2024
 
“Incomprehensible and preventable”
 
Health Impacts of Temporary Accommodation
Scottish Housing Conditions Survey 2019, Scottish Government. Dec 2020
 
Old housing stock
Climate
Rural communities
Off mains gas
 
Energy poverty
Spending >10% income on fuel
20% in energy poverty
~ Half a million households
 
Energy poverty ≠ income poverty
24% EP households not income poor
 
 
Scottish Housing Conditions Survey 2021, Scottish Government. May 2023
Scotland
 
Hard to heat homes
 
 
Heat escapes from the home
Type of property
Age
What it’s made of
 
Underheating leads to
Cold
Damp
 Mould
 
Increasing
pressures
 
Pandemic recovery
Cost of living crisis
War in Ukraine – fuel price
 
Cost of living insights: Energy. ONS. April 2023
 
October 2021
 
1 in 5 renters is being harmed by
their housing
 
www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/
Children and young people
 
www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/
Adults
 
www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/
Older people
 
Adults in
cold homes
 
Cold ho
mes reduce immune systems –
can’t fight off respiratory infections
Cold temperatures reduce lung function -
can trigger asthma attacks
GP visits for respiratory infections
increased by 19 per cent for every 1°C
drop in outdoor temp <5°C
Cold homes increase blood pressure,
increasing the risk of strokes and heart
attacks
Cold homes associated with a build-up of
markers for dementia and Alzheimer’s in
the brain
The Marmot Review 10 Years On. 2020
Children in Cold Homes
 
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E
arly years (0-6 yrs) crucial for growth and development
 
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eed more calories for growth + staying warm
 
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Cold homes -> damp and mould
1.7 million school days lost in Europe due to damp and mould
Hard to study in a cold home 
  
crowded into
heated room
 
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28% of children living in cold homes have >4 mental health
symptoms vs 4% who lived in warm homes
The Marmot Review 10 Years On. 2020
 
Respiratory infections in children
 
Cold homes and respiratory
illness in children
 
Cold temperatures 
less resistance to respiratory infections
Children in cold, damp homes 
  
 
Lung function worsens with every 1
o
C drop <9
o
C for children with
asthma
 
Cold homes 
damp and mould
Increase risk of developing asthma and acute asthma attacks
Damp and mould 
  
10% of new cases of asthma across Europe
Keeping windows closed to keep in heat reduces ventilation 
     

 
The Marmot Review 10 Years On. 2020
 
Impact on
children’s health
 
 
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Cold, damp and mouldy homes
 
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We don’t know how big the problem is
Healthcare and housing information have never been joined up
properly before
 
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?
How many infections do
underheated homes cause?
Which children are the most at risk?
 
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Study on cold homes and respiratory infections in children
 
Housing is a
modifiable
risk factor for
health
 
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Olivia.Swann@ed.ac.uk
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Dr. Olivia Swann, a children's doctor and infection specialist, highlights the detrimental health impacts of poor housing, such as asthma, allergies, developmental issues, and even death, particularly in young children. The inadequate housing conditions, including exposure to mould and temporary accommodation, contribute to various health problems, emphasizing the importance of adequate housing as a fundamental human right. The situation is further exacerbated in Scotland due to old housing stock, energy poverty, and difficulties in heating homes, impacting the well-being of residents.


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  1. Health Impacts of Health Impacts of Poor Housing Poor Housing Dr Olivia Swann Dr Olivia Swann Children s Doctor and Infection Specialist Children s Doctor and Infection Specialist NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh

  2. How in the UK in 2020 does a 2-year-old child die as a result of exposure to mould?

  3. Homes are not just physical structures Adequate housing is a human right 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights Sir Michael Marmot

  4. Asthma Respiratory illness Allergies Biological Developmental problems Cancer Asthma Respiratory illness Nutritional problems Children s growth Healthcare access Financial Chemical Risks to health Social Physical Respiratory illness Cardiovascular illness Asthma Physical injury Infectious disease Mental health

  5. Hidden Impact of Temporary Accommodation 10,256 children died in England (2019 to 2023) Temporary accommodation was a contributing factor in 55 cases 42 were less than 1 year old 42 were less than 1 year old Co-sleeping Harder to sterilise Not adapted for small children 55 cases Incomprehensible and preventable Shared Health Foundation. 2024

  6. Health Impacts of Temporary Accommodation

  7. Scotland Old housing stock Climate Rural communities Off mains gas Energy poverty Spending >10% income on fuel 20% in energy poverty ~ Half a million households Energy poverty income poverty 24% EP households not income poor Scottish Housing Conditions Survey 2019, Scottish Government. Dec 2020 Scottish Housing Conditions Survey 2021, Scottish Government. May 2023

  8. Hard to heat homes Heat escapes from the home Type of property Age What it s made of Underheating leads to Cold Damp Mould

  9. Increasing pressures Pandemic recovery Cost of living crisis War in Ukraine fuel price Cost of living insights: Energy. ONS. April 2023

  10. October 2021 1 in 5 renters is being harmed by their housing

  11. Children and young people www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/

  12. Adults www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/

  13. Older people www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/

  14. Cold homes reduce immune systems can t fight off respiratory infections Cold temperatures reduce lung function - can trigger asthma attacks GP visits for respiratory infections increased by 19 per cent for every 1 C drop in outdoor temp <5 C Cold homes increase blood pressure, increasing the risk of strokes and heart attacks Cold homes associated with a build-up of markers for dementia and Alzheimer s in the brain Adults in cold homes The Marmot Review 10 Years On. 2020

  15. Children in Cold Homes Children spend a lot a lot of time at home (especially preschool) Early years (0-6 yrs) crucial for growth and development Babies living in cold homes grow less well Need more calories for growth + staying warm grow less well Cold homes can impact a child s education Cold homes -> damp and mould 1.7 million school days lost in Europe due to damp and mould Hard to study in a cold home family crowded into heated room child s education Cold homes associated with multiple mental health risks 28% of children living in cold homes have >4 mental health symptoms vs 4% who lived in warm homes mental health risks The Marmot Review 10 Years On. 2020

  16. Respiratory infections in children Big problem in preschool children Biggest reason for hospital infections Biggest reason for antibiotics Developing lungs and immune system 40 in every 1000 infants each year Disruptive for families Lifelong problems Time off work risk of asthma Loss of earnings risk of dying of respiratory problem as an adult

  17. Cold homes and respiratory illness in children Cold temperatures less resistance to respiratory infections Children in cold, damp homes 2x more respiratory infections Lung function worsens with every 1oC drop <9oC for children with asthma Cold homes damp and mould Increase risk of developing asthma and acute asthma attacks Damp and mould ~ 10% of new cases of asthma across Europe Keeping windows closed to keep in heat reduces ventilation house dust mites increase in asthma The Marmot Review 10 Years On. 2020

  18. Impact on children s health Preschool children spend a lot a lot of time at home Cold, damp and mouldy homes More respiratory infection More wheezy episodes We don t know how big the problem is Healthcare and housing information have never been joined up properly before

  19. New Scottish study New Scottish study aims aims How big is the problem? How big is the problem? How many infections do underheated homes cause? Which children are the most at risk? How can we spot children living in How can we spot children living in underheated homes better? underheated homes better? What is the best wa What is the best way to make a home warmer AND improve child health? warmer AND improve child health? y to make a home

  20. Study on cold homes and respiratory infections in children

  21. These health problems are avoidable NOT inevitable Warm, safe, dry and affordable homes will: Housing is a modifiable risk factor for health Improve physical health Improve mental health Reduce the HUGE health inequalities

  22. Kids are the fuel in societys rocket. Kids are the fuel in society s rocket. There s no second chance to support this There s no second chance to support this generation generation Lord Adebowale Lord Adebowale Olivia.Swann@ed.ac.uk

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