Overview of American Revolution Events and Key Decisions

 
CHAPTER 3
 
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
 
IMPORTANT EVENTS LEADING TO WAR (REVIEW)
 
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party
Stamp Act
Tea Act
Intolerable Acts
Closed Boston Harbor
Canceled Massachusetts Charter
Royal Officials tried in England
General Gage named as Governor of Massachusetts
 
FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
 
Attended by 12 colonies (Not Georgia)
Took Place in Philadelphia
3 decisions made:
1. Halted trade with England
2. Alerted Colonial Militia
3. Declaration of Rights
 
SHOT HEARD 'ROUND THE WORLD
 
April 18th 700 troops leave Boston to destroy
Patriot weapons.
Patriots get word and organize a warning system
Minutemen- Patriot Militia
Gather in Lexington
Continue march to Concord
British attacked from the trees and suffer 250
casualties.  Patriots suffer less than 100.
 
 
 
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
 
Meeting in Philadelphia May 1775
Three Decisions
1. Massachusetts Militia named as Continental Army
2. George Washington appointed General
3. Olive Branch Petition- Peace offering by colonists
.
 
BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL
 
May 1775 Benedict Arnold attacks Fort Ticonderoga- gains cannons
Patriots dig in on Breeds Hill
British attack with 2,400 men on June 17, 1775
George Washington takes command July 3, 1775
Cannons placed overlooking Boston
British leave Boston
 
COMMON SENSE
 
Written by Thomas Paine
Published January 1776
Urged Separation from England
Argued that citizens should make law, not kings
Sold 500,000 copies
 
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
 
Second Continental Congress reconvenes June 1776
Written by committee-Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston
and Robert Sherman
Jefferson is the main author
Formally announce break from England
All men have unalienable rights- Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness
The king violated these rights
The colonists have the right to break from England
Approved July 4, 1776
 
CHOOSING SIDES
 
Patriots
 
Fight for Independence
40-45% of the population
 
 
Loyalists
 
Support the King
20-30% of the population
 
THOSE LEFT OUT BY DECLARATION
 
Women- Abigail Adams asked her husband to add women
Slaves- Many argued that liberty should extend to all
 
WAR EFFORT
 
Continental Army
230,000 men
Most were young (Some under 16)
Most were poor, owned no land
Terrible pay, rotten food, hard work, no shelter, poor uniforms
Slaves fought (After British offered freedom to those who fought for them)
Native Americans fought on both sides
Women-served as messengers, nurses and spy's
Molly Pitcher- Served men during battle took control of the cannon
Deborah Sampson- Dressed as a man to fight
 
EARLY DEFEATS AND VICTORIES
 
Canada
14th colony
Benedict Arnold attacked fort Quebec
New York
June 1776
General Howe attacks General Washington
Forced out of New York
Continued attacking Patriots
Forced to flee to New Jersey
 
Continental Army down to 6,000 (was 23,000)
December 31st was end of enlistment
Battle of Trenton
Christmas night (Marched through the night)
Attacked the Hessians
Took 900 prisoners
Important American victory
Battle of Princeton
Gen.  Cornwallis attacks Gen. Washington
Washington sneak attacks
Men reenlist
 
 
BATTLE OF SARATOGA
 
General Burgoyne develops a plan to defeat patriots
Gen Burgoyne invades from Canada (Recapture Fort Ticonderoga sweep south to Albany)
Gen Howe would sail from New York down the Hudson River
Gen Clinton would march from the south to Albany
Gen Howe attacks Philadelphia instead
Battle of Saratoga
Gen Burgoyne trapped near Saratoga
Gen Gates and Gen Arnold surround him and force him to surrender October 17, 1777
France and Spain join Patriots
 
FOREIGN HELP
 
Marquis de Lafayette
Served without pay
Spoke little English, 19 years old, donated $200,000 to the cause
Baron Friedrich von Steuben
Prussian(German)
Trained the Continental Army
Bernardo de Galvez
Attacked from Louisiana to Florida
 
WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE
 
Winter of 1777
12,000 men starving near Philadelphia
Some had no shirts or shoes
2,000 die of starvation and disease
Continued drilling
British living in luxury(Philadelphia)
 
WAR AT SEA AND IN THE WEST
 
Attacked individual ships
John Paul Jones
Sailor
"I have not yet begun to fight."
 
George Rogers Clark
Organized 175 men in the west
Worked with Native tribes to keep them neutral
Won Battle of Vincennes
 
WAR IN THE SOUTH
 
British move south after failed Gen Burgoyne plan
Brutal fighting
Scorched earth policy- destroy crops, livestock and buildings
Killed soldiers who surrendered- Banastre Tarleton
British Victories
Charleston, South Carolina
Captured 5,400 Patriot prisoners
Camden, South Carolina
Of 4,000 Patriot troops only 700 escaped
 
GUERILLA WARFARE
 
Hit and run tactics
Francis Marion (Swamp Fox)
Organized men in the south
Successful against British
 
BATTLE OF YORKTOWN
 
Patriots low on money and supplies
Benedict Arnold becomes a traitor
Gen Cornwallis retreats to the sea at Yorktown
Gen Washington and Compte de Rochambeau march
to surround Gen Cornwallis
French fleet cuts off escape by sea
October19, 1781 Gen Cornwallis surrenders
Last major battle of American Revolution
 
TREATY OF PARIS OF 1783
 
Benjamin Franklin influences peace talks with England
Recognizes independence of the United States
Florida is returned to Spain
Gen Washington says goodbye to his troops
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The content provides a detailed account of significant events and decisions leading up to and during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, First Continental Congress, shot heard 'round the world, Second Continental Congress, Battle of Bunker Hill, Common Sense, and the Declaration of Independence. It highlights key moments such as the formation of the Continental Army, appointment of George Washington, and the writing of the Declaration of Independence.


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  1. CHAPTER 3 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

  2. IMPORTANT EVENTS LEADING TO WAR (REVIEW) Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Stamp Act Tea Act Intolerable Acts Closed Boston Harbor Canceled Massachusetts Charter Royal Officials tried in England General Gage named as Governor of Massachusetts

  3. FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS Attended by 12 colonies (Not Georgia) Took Place in Philadelphia 3 decisions made: 1. Halted trade with England 2. Alerted Colonial Militia 3. Declaration of Rights

  4. SHOT HEARD 'ROUND THE WORLD April 18th 700 troops leave Boston to destroy Patriot weapons. Patriots get word and organize a warning system https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/american- revolution/video/ Minutemen- Patriot Militia Gather in Lexington Continue march to Concord British attacked from the trees and suffer 250 casualties. Patriots suffer less than 100.

  5. SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS Meeting in Philadelphia May 1775 Three Decisions 1. Massachusetts Militia named as Continental Army 2. George Washington appointed General 3. Olive Branch Petition- Peace offering by colonists.

  6. BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL May 1775 Benedict Arnold attacks Fort Ticonderoga- gains cannons Patriots dig in on Breeds Hill British attack with 2,400 men on June 17, 1775 George Washington takes command July 3, 1775 Cannons placed overlooking Boston British leave Boston

  7. COMMON SENSE Written by Thomas Paine Published January 1776 Urged Separation from England Argued that citizens should make law, not kings Sold 500,000 copies

  8. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Second Continental Congress reconvenes June 1776 Written by committee-Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston and Robert Sherman Jefferson is the main author Formally announce break from England All men have unalienable rights- Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness The king violated these rights The colonists have the right to break from England Approved July 4, 1776

  9. CHOOSING SIDES Loyalists Patriots Fight for Independence 40-45% of the population Support the King 20-30% of the population

  10. THOSE LEFT OUT BY DECLARATION Women-Abigail Adams asked her husband to add women Slaves- Many argued that liberty should extend to all

  11. WAR EFFORT Continental Army 230,000 men Most were young (Some under 16) Most were poor, owned no land Terrible pay, rotten food, hard work, no shelter,poor uniforms Slaves fought (After British offered freedom to those who fought for them) NativeAmericans fought on both sides Women-served as messengers,nurses and spy's Molly Pitcher- Served men during battle took control of the cannon Deborah Sampson- Dressed as a man to fight

  12. EARLY DEFEATS AND VICTORIES Continental Army down to 6,000 (was 23,000) December 31st was end of enlistment Battle of Trenton Christmas night (Marched through the night) Attacked the Hessians Took 900 prisoners Important American victory Battle of Princeton Gen. Cornwallis attacks Gen. Washington Washington sneak attacks Men reenlist Canada 14th colony Benedict Arnold attacked fort Quebec New York June 1776 General Howe attacks General Washington Forced out of New York Continued attacking Patriots Forced to flee to New Jersey

  13. BATTLE OF SARATOGA General Burgoyne develops a plan to defeat patriots Gen Burgoyne invades from Canada (Recapture Fort Ticonderoga sweep south to Albany) Gen Howe would sail from New York down the Hudson River Gen Clinton would march from the south to Albany Gen Howe attacks Philadelphia instead Battle of Saratoga Gen Burgoyne trapped near Saratoga Gen Gates and Gen Arnold surround him and force him to surrender October 17, 1777 France and Spain join Patriots

  14. FOREIGN HELP Marquis de Lafayette Served without pay Spoke little English, 19 years old, donated $200,000 to the cause Baron Friedrich von Steuben Prussian(German) Trained the Continental Army Bernardo de Galvez Attacked from Louisiana to Florida

  15. WINTER ATVALLEY FORGE Winter of 1777 12,000 men starving near Philadelphia Some had no shirts or shoes 2,000 die of starvation and disease Continued drilling British living in luxury(Philadelphia)

  16. WAR AT SEA AND IN THE WEST Attacked individual ships George Rogers Clark John Paul Jones Organized 175 men in the west Worked with Native tribes to keep them neutral Sailor Won Battle of Vincennes "I have not yet begun to fight."

  17. WAR IN THE SOUTH British move south after failed Gen Burgoyne plan Brutal fighting Scorched earth policy- destroy crops, livestock and buildings Killed soldiers who surrendered- BanastreTarleton British Victories Charleston, South Carolina Captured 5,400 Patriot prisoners Camden,South Carolina Of 4,000 Patriot troops only 700 escaped

  18. GUERILLA WARFARE Hit and run tactics Francis Marion (Swamp Fox) Organized men in the south Successful against British

  19. BATTLE OF YORKTOWN Patriots low on money and supplies BenedictArnold becomes a traitor Gen Cornwallis retreats to the sea at Yorktown Gen Washington and Compte de Rochambeau march to surround Gen Cornwallis French fleet cuts off escape by sea October19, 1781 Gen Cornwallis surrenders Last major battle of American Revolution

  20. TREATY OF PARIS OF 1783 Benjamin Franklin influences peace talks with England Recognizes independence of the United States Florida is returned to Spain Gen Washington says goodbye to his troops

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