Exploring Sociology: A Comprehensive Overview

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Introduction to Sociology
By
DR. SAREER KHAN
 
 
Chapter No. 01
 
 
 
 
INTRODUCTION TO
SOCIOLOGY
 
Introduction to Sociology
 
Sociology is derived from
Two words
Latin word--
Socius
Association/
Companionship
Greek work----Logos --
Science/ Study
 
Introduction to Sociology
 
Sociology is define by different
Sociologists
Auguste Comte: The study of Society.
 
Max Weber: The study of Social actions.
 
Emile Durkheim: the study of Social facts
through Social institutions.
 
Introduction to Sociology
 
Founder of Sociology
 
Real Founder: 
Ibne-Khaldun
 
Modern Founder: 
Auguste Comte
 
Importance Of Sociology
 
In all ages and human times ever since out erect and
restless species appeared upon the planet, men have
been living with others of their kind in something
called societies. Prior to the emergence of sociology
the study of society was carried on in an unscientific
manner and society had never been the central
concern of any science. It is through the study of
sociology that the truly scientific study of the society
has been possible. Sociology alone studies social
relationships, society itself. Sociology is interested in
social relationships not because they are economic or
political or religious or legal but because they are at
the same time social
 
 
Sociology studies society in a scientific
way
 
Before the emergence of sociology there was no systematic
and scientific attempt to study human society with all its
complexities. Sociology has made it possible to study society
in a scientific manner. This scientific knowledge about human
society is needed in order to achieve progress in various
fields.
Sociology throws more light on the
social nature of man
 
Sociology delves deep into the social nature of man. It tells us
why man is a social animal, why he lives in a group,
communities and societies. It examines the relationship
between individual and society, the impact of society on man
and other matters.
 
 
Sociology increases the power of
social action
The science of society assists an individual
to understand himself, his capacities,
talents and limitations. It enables him to
adjust himself to the environment.
Knowledge of society, social groups, social
institutions, associations, their functions
etc. helps us to lead an effective social
life.
 
 
Sociology studies role of the institutions in the
development of the individuals
It is through sociology that scientific study of the
great social institutions and the relation of the
individual to each is being made. The home and
family, the school and education, the church and
religion, the state and government, industry and
work, the community and association, these are
institutions through which society functions. Sociology
studies these institutions and their role in the
development of the individual and suggests suitable
measures for strengthening them with a view to
enable them to serve the individual better.
 
 
Study of sociology is responsible for
understanding and planning of society
Society is a complex phenomenon with a multitude of
intricacies. It is impossible to understand and solve
its numerous problems without support of sociology.
It is rightly said that we cannot understand and mend
society without any knowledge of its mechanism and
construction. Without the investigation carried out by
sociology no real effective social planning would be
possible. It helps us to determine the most efficient
means for reaching the goals agreed upon. A certain
amount of knowledge about society is necessary
before any social policies can be carried out.
 
 
Sociology is of great importance in the
solution of social problems
The present world is suffering from many
problems that can be solved through
scientific study of the society. It is the task of
sociology to study the social problems
through the methods of scientific research
and to find out solution to them. The
scientific study of human affairs will
ultimately provide the body of knowledge and
principles that will enable us to control the
conditions of social life and improve them.
 
 
Sociology has drawn our attention to the
intrinsic worth and dignity of man
 
Sociology has been instrumental in changing our
attitude towards human beings. In a specialized
society we are all limited as to the amount of the
whole organization and culture that we can
experience directly. We can hardly know the
people of other areas intimately. In order to have
insight into and appreciation of the motives by
which others live and the conditions under which
they exist knowledge of sociology is essential.
 
 
Sociology has changed our outlook
with regard to the problems of crime
It is through the study of sociology that
our whole outlook on various aspects of
crime has change. The criminals are now
treated as human beings suffering from
mental deficiencies and efforts are
accordingly made to rehabilitate them as
useful members of the society.
 
 
Sociology is of great importance in the
solution of international problems
The progress made by physical sciences has
brought the nations of the world nearer to
each other. But in the social field the world
has been left behind by the revolutionary
progress of the science. The world is divided
politically giving rise to stress and conflict.
Men have failed to bring in peace. Sociology
can help us in understanding the underlying
causes and tensions.
 
 
Scope of sociology
 
In the field of knowledge
 
In the field of profession
 
Scope in the field of knowledge:
Society is    the web of social institutions and all
these institutions are interrelated and interlinked with
each others.
Sociologists have the basic and primary objective is
to buildup knowledge about the society and social
interaction.
Sociologistarerequiredtogaintheknow-
howaboutthesocialproblemsandtheirsolutions.
The specialized fields of sociology which give
knowledge to the students of sociology about
different aspects of human social life.
 
 
The Specialized fields of sociology
 Principles of Sociology
Rural Sociology
Urban Sociology
Medical Sociology
Criminology
Social Psychology
Economic Sociology
Sociology of Religion
Industrial Sociology
Sociology of Social Problems
Sociology of Education
Political Sociology
Sociology of the Family
 
In the field of profession
Teaching
Research
Administration
Social work
Profession in the field of Medicine, Law &
Engineering
Civil Service Position
Embassies
Government Agencies
 
Relationship of Sociology with other social
sciences:
Sociology
Sociology joined the family of social sciences
relatively at a later stage i.e. in the 19th century, for
it had no independent existence before.
In fact, sociology began to emerge as an independent
and separate discipline only around the middle of the
19th century. It took almost fifty years before the
subject began to assume scientific character that it
has today. Prior to the middle of the 18th century, the
study of society was dominated by social philosophers
rather than by social social scientists. These
philosophers were less concerned about what society
actually like, than what they thought it ought to be
like. But in a relatively short period this emphasis was
completely reversed. Hence study of society became
more scientific than philosophical.
 
Psychology
Psychology is the science of human
behavior. This science, more than any
other social science, focuses on the
individual. Psychology shares one major
field of interest with sociology, namely
social psychology. Social psychology is the
science of the behavior of the individual in
society. It studies the way in which
personality and behavior are influenced by
the social context.
 
Economics
Economics studies the production,
distribution and consumption of goods and
services. Wealth constitutes the central
problem of economics. It studies man as a
wealth-getter and wealth-disposer.
Economics is in many ways the most
advanced of the social sciences. Its subject-
matter is often more easily measured than
that of the order disciplines. But the economy
is also a part of society; goods and services
do not produce, distribute and consume
themselves. The economic processes depend
upon Society. The social aspects of economic
life are the subject matter of "sociology of
economics", one of the major branches of
society.
 
Anthropology
Anthropology is a science of man and his
works. Sociology and anthropology are
"twin sisters". Both are mutually helpful
and supportive. Anthropology has two main
branches: (i) Physical anthropology and (ii)
cultural anthropology. Physical
anthropology deals with human evolution
and studies the physical characteristics of
man. Cultural anthropology deals with the
cultural evolution. It studies the ways of life
of different communities, particularly, the
primitive ones.
Anthropology differs from sociology in that
it usually focuses on the simple, small-
scale, primitive societies. Anthropology
studies the society as "whole". Sociology
concentrates more on group processes
within larger modern complex societies.
 
Political Science
Political Science is the science of state
and government. Traditionally it has
focused on two main arias. Political
philosophy and actual forms of
government. Political science has close
links with sociology. In the recent years
political science has been very strongly
influenced by one of the branches of
sociology, known as "political
Sociology". Political sociology analyses
political behavior and studies the social
interaction involved in the process of
government. The interests of political
scientists and political sociologists have
been gradually converging and in many
instances they now overlap.
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Sociology is a science that delves deep into the study of society, its structure, and dynamics. From its historical roots to modern contributions, this discipline provides insights into social relationships, institutions, and the impact of society on individuals. By understanding human behavior within the social context, sociology enhances our knowledge of social interactions and empowers us to lead effective social lives.


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  1. Introduction to Sociology By DR. SAREER KHAN

  2. Chapter No. 01 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

  3. Sociology is derived from Two words Latin word-- Socius Association/ Companionship Greek work----Logos -- Science/ Study Introduction to Sociology

  4. Sociology is define by different Sociologists Auguste Comte: The study of Society. Max Weber: The study of Social actions. Emile Durkheim: the study of Social facts through Social institutions. Introduction to Sociology

  5. Founder of Sociology Real Founder: Ibne-Khaldun Modern Founder: Auguste Comte Introduction to Sociology

  6. In all ages and human times ever since out erect and restless species appeared upon the planet, men have been living with others of their kind in something called societies. Prior to the emergence of sociology the study of society was carried on in an unscientific manner and society had never been the central concern of any science. It is through the study of sociology that the truly scientific study of the society has been possible. Sociology alone studies social relationships, society itself. Sociology is interested in social relationships not because they are economic or political or religious or legal but because they are at the same time social Importance Of Sociology

  7. Sociology studies society in a scientific way Before the emergence of sociology there was no systematic and scientific attempt to study human society with all its complexities. Sociology has made it possible to study society in a scientific manner. This scientific knowledge about human society is needed in order to achieve progress in various fields. Sociology throws more light on the social nature of man Sociology delves deep into the social nature of man. It tells us why man is a social animal, why he lives in a group, communities and societies. It examines the relationship between individual and society, the impact of society on man and other matters.

  8. Sociology increases the power of social action The science of society assists an individual to understand himself, his capacities, talents and limitations. It enables him to adjust himself to the environment. Knowledge of society, social groups, social institutions, associations, their functions etc. helps us to lead an effective social life.

  9. Sociology studies role of the institutions in the development of the individuals It is through sociology that scientific study of the great social institutions and the relation of the individual to each is being made. The home and family, the school and education, the church and religion, the state and government, industry and work, the community and association, these are institutions through which society functions. Sociology studies these institutions and their role in the development of the individual and suggests suitable measures for strengthening them with a view to enable them to serve the individual better.

  10. Study of sociology is responsible for understanding and planning of society Society is a complex phenomenon with a multitude of intricacies. It is impossible to understand and solve its numerous problems without support of sociology. It is rightly said that we cannot understand and mend society without any knowledge of its mechanism and construction. Without the investigation carried out by sociology no real effective social planning would be possible. It helps us to determine the most efficient means for reaching the goals agreed upon. A certain amount of knowledge about society is necessary before any social policies can be carried out.

  11. Sociology is of great importance in the solution of social problems The present world is suffering from many problems that can be solved through scientific study of the society. It is the task of sociology to study the social problems through the methods of scientific research and to find out solution to them. The scientific study of human affairs will ultimately provide the body of knowledge and principles that will enable us to control the conditions of social life and improve them.

  12. Sociology has drawn our attention to the intrinsic worth and dignity of man Sociology has been instrumental in changing our attitude towards human beings. In a specialized society we are all limited as to the amount of the whole organization and culture that we can experience directly. We can hardly know the people of other areas intimately. In order to have insight into and appreciation of the motives by which others live and the conditions under which they exist knowledge of sociology is essential.

  13. Sociology has changed our outlook with regard to the problems of crime It is through the study of sociology that our whole outlook on various aspects of crime has change. The criminals are now treated as human beings suffering from mental deficiencies and efforts are accordingly made to rehabilitate them as useful members of the society.

  14. Sociology is of great importance in the solution of international problems The progress made by physical sciences has brought the nations of the world nearer to each other. But in the social field the world has been left behind by the revolutionary progress of the science. The world is divided politically giving rise to stress and conflict. Men have failed to bring in peace. Sociology can help us in understanding the underlying causes and tensions.

  15. Scope of sociology In the field of knowledge In the field of profession Scope in the field of knowledge: Society is the web of social institutions and all these institutions are interrelated and interlinked with each others. Sociologists have the basic and primary objective is to buildup knowledge about the society and social interaction. Sociologistarerequiredtogaintheknow- howaboutthesocialproblemsandtheirsolutions. The specialized fields of sociology which give knowledge to the students of sociology about different aspects of human social life.

  16. The Specialized fields of sociology Principles of Sociology Rural Sociology Urban Sociology Medical Sociology Criminology Social Psychology Economic Sociology Sociology of Religion Industrial Sociology Sociology of Social Problems Sociology of Education Political Sociology Sociology of the Family

  17. In the field of profession Teaching Research Administration Social work Profession in the field of Medicine, Law & Engineering Civil Service Position Embassies Government Agencies

  18. Relationship of Sociology with other social sciences: Sociology Sociology joined the family of social sciences relatively at a later stage i.e. in the 19th century, for it had no independent existence before. In fact, sociology began to emerge as an independent and separate discipline only around the middle of the 19th century. It took almost fifty years before the subject began to assume scientific character that it has today. Prior to the middle of the 18th century, the study of society was dominated by social philosophers rather than by social social scientists. These philosophers were less concerned about what society actually like, than what they thought it ought to be like. But in a relatively short period this emphasis was completely reversed. Hence study of society became more scientific than philosophical.

  19. Psychology Psychology is the science of human behavior. This science, more than any other social science, focuses on the individual. Psychology shares one major field of interest with sociology, namely social psychology. Social psychology is the science of the behavior of the individual in society. It studies the way in which personality and behavior are influenced by the social context.

  20. Economics Economics studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Wealth constitutes the central problem of economics. It studies man as a wealth-getter and wealth-disposer. Economics is in many ways the most advanced of the social sciences. Its subject- matter is often more easily measured than that of the order disciplines. But the economy is also a part of society; goods and services do not produce, distribute and consume themselves. The economic processes depend upon Society. The social aspects of economic life are the subject matter of "sociology of economics", one of the major branches of society.

  21. Anthropology Anthropology is a science of man and his works. Sociology and anthropology are "twin sisters". Both are mutually helpful and supportive. Anthropology has two main branches: (i) Physical anthropology and (ii) cultural anthropology. Physical anthropology deals with human evolution and studies the physical characteristics of man. Cultural anthropology deals with the cultural evolution. It studies the ways of life of different communities, particularly, the primitive ones. Anthropology differs from sociology in that it usually focuses on the simple, small- scale, primitive societies. Anthropology studies the society as "whole". Sociology concentrates more on group processes within larger modern complex societies.

  22. Political Science Political Science is the science of state and government. Traditionally it has focused on two main arias. Political philosophy and actual forms of government. Political science has close links with sociology. In the recent years political science has been very strongly influenced by one of the branches of sociology, known as "political Sociology". Political sociology analyses political behavior and studies the social interaction involved in the process of government. The interests of political scientists and political sociologists have been gradually converging and in many instances they now overlap.

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