American Revolutionary Era: Key Events and Figures

 
Chapter 4 Foundations:
Background to American History
 
 
Washington’s Militia & Army
 
Militiamen served as
home guard and as
supplement to the
Continental Army
The Continental Army
was by contrast trained
and more reliable
None were battle-
harden & ready to see
the horror of war
 
 
Continental soldier
 
During the Revolution 1775-1783
 
Jonathan Trumbull was
the only British
Governor that sided
with the Americans
John Peter Muhlenberg
was a Protestant
minister who recruited
soldiers and rose to the
rank of general
 
 
The Emergence of an American Culture
 
The Revolution helped
excite a sense of common
nationality
Celebration of
Independence Day
The American
Consciousness and the
idea of America’s Destiny
Signers of the D. Of I.
John Hancock, Ben Rush,
Charles Carroll, & John
Witherspoon
 
 
The Articles of Confederation
 
The period between 1781-
1787 was a “critical period”
During this period the
national government was
weak for fear of a British-
like central government
The Confederation
Congress dealt with the
westward land distribution
and it established three
executive departments:
Foreign Affairs, Finance, &
War
 
 
Dickinson & the Articles of Confederation
 
Calls for a Stronger Government
 
Americans were losing
their fear of a strong
central government
Bankers, Merchants, and
Mechanics now called for
strong gov.
James Madison called for a
meeting in 1786 but not all
the states came
Alexander Hamilton called
for a national convention
the next year
 
 
James Madison
 
Adopting the Constitution
 
The delegates who met
included many
participants from the
Revolution
James Madison & The
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Roger Sherman & The
Great Compromise
 
 
Signing the Constitution, September 17, 1787
 
Other Battles at the Convention
 
The battle between the
Northern & Southern
delegates over slavery
3/5 compromise
Women’s rights left out of
constitution
In regard to citizenship it
gave Congress authority over
naturalization
American Indians would not
be given citizenship until
1924
 
 
The Separation of Powers
 
The Founding Fathers
viewed the House as the
most democratic
The Senate would be
chosen by the state
legislatures
The President could veto
acts of Congress, appoint
diplomats & judges,
recommend legislation to
Congress, & act as
commander-in-chief of the
armed forces
 
 
Checks & Balances
 
The Separation of the
three branches of gov.
The President’s veto
The congressional power
of impeachment
The Courts right of
judicial review
The Senate’s power to
approve or reject treaties
& appointments
Amendments
 
 
Checks & Balances
 
The Separation of the
three branches of gov.
The President’s veto
The congressional power
of impeachment
The Courts right of
judicial review
The Senate’s power to
approve or reject treaties
& appointments
Amendments
 
 
The First Supreme Court
 
The Congress setup the
structure of the federal
court system
Congress set the
number on the high
court a six and created
thirteen federal district
courts
Members of the
Supreme Court were
required to serve on
circuit courts as well
 
 
The First Chief Justice John Jay
 
The Bill of Rights
 
B/C MA, NY, VA, & NC had all
requested a “bill of rights” James
Madison wrote a list of
amendments and presented them
to congress in 1789
In the late 1700s the US was alone
in the world b/c the constitution
prevents Congress from
establishing an official religion
The 10
th
 Amendment said that
powers not given to the national
Gov. remained w/ the states or
the people
 
James Madison
 
Freedom of Religion
 
One of the 1
st
 Amendment
Rights is religion
The Anglican Church suffered
b/c of its association with the
British, it changed its name
to the Episcopal Church
The Methodist, Baptist, &
Presbyterian churches grew
bigger
Thomas Jefferson wrote the
Virginia Statue of Religious
Freedom
We also got freedom of
speech, press, and assembly
in the 1
st
 amendment
 
 
Jefferson & the Virginia Statue
 
More Amendments
 
2
nd
 Amendment – the
right to bear arms
3
rd
 Amendment – we
don’t have to quarter
soldiers
4
th
 Amendment – we are
protected from
unreasonable searches
5
th
 Amendment –
protects us from double
jeopardy, from
incriminate yourself, and
gives the government
eminent domain.
 
 
More Amendments
 
 
6
th
 Amendment  - right to
public trail, jury, & lawyer
7
th
 Amendment – right to
jury in some civil cases
8
th
 Amendment – court
can’t inflict cruel and
unusual punishment
9
th
 list rights but doesn’t
deny other rights
10
th
 gives power to the
states if not in the
constitution
 
Alexis de Tocqueville
 
A French man that visited the
United States in 1831
believed America was great
b/c of five values:
Liberty
 – freedom, rule of law,
and religious faith
Egalitarianism
 – we are a
society of equals
Individualism
 – we are free to
flourish w/o government
Populism
 – common man free
to participate in politics
Laissez-faire
 – gov. has a
“hands-off” approach to the
economy
 
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The American Revolutionary Era marked by the formation of the Constitution, Washington's militia, key figures like Jonathan Trumbull and John Peter Muhlenberg, the emergence of American culture, the Articles of Confederation, and calls for a stronger government. This period saw a shift towards a more united American identity, paving the way for significant political and cultural developments.


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  1. http://a.abcnews.go.com/images/News/gty_us_constitution_jef_111215_wblog.jpghttp://a.abcnews.go.com/images/News/gty_us_constitution_jef_111215_wblog.jpg Chapter 4 Foundations: Background to American History http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Washington_Constitutional_Convention_1787.jpg

  2. Washingtons Militia & Army Militiamen served as home guard and as supplement to the Continental Army The Continental Army was by contrast trained and more reliable None were battle- harden & ready to see the horror of war Continental soldier

  3. During the Revolution 1775-1783 http://cdn2-b.examiner.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_content_width/hash/5b/3d/5b3d2bcdea77442f6bdfe63203e33bbf.jpg?itok=9EQjsoMW Jonathan Trumbull was the only British Governor that sided with the Americans John Peter Muhlenberg was a Protestant minister who recruited soldiers and rose to the rank of general

  4. The Emergence of an American Culture The Revolution helped excite a sense of common nationality Celebration of Independence Day The American Consciousness and the idea of America s Destiny Signers of the D. Of I. John Hancock, Ben Rush, Charles Carroll, & John Witherspoon

  5. The Articles of Confederation The period between 1781- 1787 was a critical period During this period the national government was weak for fear of a British- like central government The Confederation Congress dealt with the westward land distribution and it established three executive departments: Foreign Affairs, Finance, & War Dickinson & the Articles of Confederation

  6. Calls for a Stronger Government Americans were losing their fear of a strong central government Bankers, Merchants, and Mechanics now called for strong gov. James Madison called for a meeting in 1786 but not all the states came Alexander Hamilton called for a national convention the next year James Madison

  7. Adopting the Constitution The delegates who met included many participants from the Revolution James Madison & The Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Roger Sherman & The Great Compromise Signing the Constitution, September 17, 1787

  8. Other Battles at the Convention The battle between the Northern & Southern delegates over slavery 3/5 compromise Women s rights left out of constitution In regard to citizenship it gave Congress authority over naturalization American Indians would not be given citizenship until 1924

  9. The Separation of Powers The Founding Fathers viewed the House as the most democratic The Senate would be chosen by the state legislatures The President could veto acts of Congress, appoint diplomats & judges, recommend legislation to Congress, & act as commander-in-chief of the armed forces

  10. Checks & Balances The Separation of the three branches of gov. The President s veto The congressional power of impeachment The Courts right of judicial review The Senate s power to approve or reject treaties & appointments Amendments

  11. Checks & Balances The Separation of the three branches of gov. The President s veto The congressional power of impeachment The Courts right of judicial review The Senate s power to approve or reject treaties & appointments Amendments

  12. The First Supreme Court The Congress setup the structure of the federal court system Congress set the number on the high court a six and created thirteen federal district courts Members of the Supreme Court were required to serve on circuit courts as well The First Chief Justice John Jay

  13. The Bill of Rights B/C MA, NY, VA, & NC had all requested a bill of rights James Madison wrote a list of amendments and presented them to congress in 1789 In the late 1700s the US was alone in the world b/c the constitution prevents Congress from establishing an official religion The 10th Amendment said that powers not given to the national Gov. remained w/ the states or the people James Madison

  14. Freedom of Religion One of the 1st Amendment Rights is religion The Anglican Church suffered b/c of its association with the British, it changed its name to the Episcopal Church The Methodist, Baptist, & Presbyterian churches grew bigger Thomas Jefferson wrote the Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom We also got freedom of speech, press, and assembly in the 1st amendment Jefferson & the Virginia Statue

  15. More Amendments 2nd Amendment the right to bear arms 3rd Amendment we don t have to quarter soldiers 4th Amendment we are protected from unreasonable searches 5th Amendment protects us from double jeopardy, from incriminate yourself, and gives the government eminent domain. http://a.abcnews.go.com/images/News/gty_us_constitution_jef_111215_wblog.jpg

  16. More Amendments 6th Amendment - right to public trail, jury, & lawyer 7th Amendment right to jury in some civil cases 8th Amendment court can t inflict cruel and unusual punishment 9thlist rights but doesn t deny other rights 10th gives power to the states if not in the constitution http://a.abcnews.go.com/images/News/gty_us_constitution_jef_111215_wblog.jpg

  17. Alexis de Tocqueville A French man that visited the United States in 1831 believed America was great b/c of five values: Liberty freedom, rule of law, and religious faith Egalitarianism we are a society of equals Individualism we are free to flourish w/o government Populism common man free to participate in politics Laissez-faire gov. has a hands-off approach to the economy http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/t/fotos/tocqueville.jpg

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