Overview of Mycoplasma Species and Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

 
Diseases associated
with Mycoplasma spp.
By
Hussein Ali Naji
 
The genera Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma and Ureaplasma form the
family Mycoplasmataceae , Gram-negative bacteria consisting of
cells bounded by plasma membrane but stained hardly, usually use
Giemsa stain, its morphology Pleomorphic, spherical, short rod,
filament.
Its organisms differ from other bacteria in that they are deficient in
cell walls. It contains a single order, Mycoplasmatales. Mollicutes:
mollis soft, cutis = skin.) And it's resistant to antibiotics that
interfere with the integrity of cell wall; penicillins, cephalosporins,
vancomycin, bacitracin.
 
 
Mycoplasma species caused many diseases include
Bovine
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides
 SC caused  Contagious bovine
pleuropneumonia, CBPP
M. bovis
  caused Mastitis, pneumonia (calf), polyarthritis
(calf)metritis, abortion, sterility
 
M. dispar
    caused  Pneumonia (calf)
Mycoplasma
 (Eperythrozoon) wenyonii caused Anemia
 
Sheep and goat
M. capricolum subsp. Capripneumonia  
 caused Contagious
caprine pleuropneumonia
M. mycoides subsp. Capri 
caused Pneumonia, arthritis
septicemia (goat)
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC 
Pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis,
septicemia (goat).
Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia, CBPP
 
Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia, CBPP
Etiology
 Mycop/asma mycoides subsp.mycoides (Small colony) (M
mmSC)
Methods of transmission
Transmission occurs from direct andrepeated contacts between sick
and healthy animals.  The principal route of infection is by the
inhalation of infective droplets from active or carrier cases of the
disease. Spread of the disease may also occur by discharges from
local tail lesions resulting from vaccination with virulent culture.
 
Economic importance
CBPP is the most economically important disease of cattle. The direct
losses are from mortality, reduced milk yield, vaccination costs,
disease surveillance and research programs.
The indirect costs are due to the chronic nature of the disease
including:
Loss of weight and working ability.
 Delayed marketing.
 Reduced fertility.
 Losses due to quarantine.
Loss of cattle trade.
 
PATHOGENESIS
The disease is an acute lobar pneumonia and pleurisy. The organism
invades the lungs of cattle and causes a mycoplasmemia; this results
in localization in numerous other sites including the kidneys and
brain, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. An essential part of
the pathogenesis of the disease is thrombosis in the pulmonary
vessels, probably prior to the development of pneumonic lesions.
 
CLINICAL FINDINGS
There is considerable variation in the severity of clinical disease from
hyperacute to acute to chronic and subacute forms.
Acute and hyperacute forms.
After an incubation period of 3-6 weeks (in occasional instances up to
6 months) there is a sudden onset of high fever (40°C; 105°F), a fall in
milk yield, anorexia and cessation of rumination.
 Coughing, at first only on exercise, and thoracic pain are evident;
affected animals are disinclined to move, standing with the elbows out,
the back arched and head extended.
Respirations are shallow, rapid and accompanied by expiratory
grunting. Pain is evidenced on percussion of the chest.
 
Auscultation reveals pleuritic friction sounds in the early stages of
acute inflammation, and dullness, fluid sounds and moist gurgling
crackles in the later stages of effusion. Dullness of areas of the lung
may be detectable on percussion.
In fatal cases death occurs after a variable course of from several
days to 3 weeks.
In the hyperacute form, affected cattle may die within 1 week after
the onset of respiratory distress.
 
Chronic and subacute forms
Recovered animals may be clinically normal but in
some an inactive sequestrum forms in the lung, with a
necrotic center of sufficient size to produce a toxemia
causing unthriftiness, a chronic cough, and mild
respiratory distress on exercise.
 
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Isolation or detection of organism
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Latex agglutination test.
Serological tests includes  complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
 
Differential diagnosis
 A diagnosis based on a history of contact
 
with i nfected animals,
clinical findings, a
 
complement fixation test, necropsy
 
findings and
cultural examination is
 
necessary.
 
Diseases which must be
differentiated
 
from CBPP include:
Rinderpest
 Erosive stomatitis, dysentery,  and erosions throughout
the alimentarytract.
Foot and mouth disease
 Salivation, lameness, fever, and vesicular
stomatitis
.
Hemorrhagic septicemia
 Acute diseasewith death in 
6 
to 72 hours.
Edema of the neck and brisket, lung lesions similar to CB PP. Culture
of Pasteurella spp.
 
Theileriosis (East Coast fever)
 Coughing, nasal and ocular discharge,
diarrhea, enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes, ulceration of
abomasum . No lung lesions
Ephemeral fever
 Ocular discharge, drooling saliva, lameness, enlarged
joints, self-limiting disease of short duration; most affected cattle recover
quickly; fluctuating fever; secondary pneumonia may occu.
Tuberculosis
 Tubercular nodules may resemble C BPP sequestra but
they are degenerative cheese-like lesions, often calcified
Actinobacillosis
 Generalized lesions of lung and other adjacent tissues.
Echinococcal (hydatid cysts)
 Pulmonary cysts with a double wall and
containing clear fluid, often calcified when old.
Slide Note
Embed
Share

The Mycoplasma genus, including Acholeplasma and Ureaplasma, consists of Gram-negative bacteria with unique characteristics such as lacking cell walls. Mycoplasma species are responsible for causing various diseases in livestock, including bovine and caprine pleuropneumonia. Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides is a significant concern due to economic losses in cattle production. The disease's pathogenesis involves acute lobar pneumonia and pleurisy, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Effective disease management strategies are crucial for mitigating its impacts on the livestock industry.


Uploaded on Sep 10, 2024 | 0 Views


Download Presentation

Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. with Mycoplasma spp. By Hussein Ali Naji

  2. The genera Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma and Ureaplasma form the family Mycoplasmataceae , Gram-negative bacteria consisting of cells bounded by plasma membrane but stained hardly, usually use Giemsa stain, its morphology Pleomorphic, spherical, short rod, filament. Its organisms differ from other bacteria in that they are deficient in cell walls. It contains a single order, Mycoplasmatales. Mollicutes: mollis soft, cutis = skin.) And it's resistant to antibiotics that interfere with the integrity of cell wall; penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, bacitracin.

  3. Mycoplasma species caused many diseases include Bovine M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC caused Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, CBPP M. bovis caused Mastitis, pneumonia (calf), polyarthritis (calf)metritis, abortion, sterility M. dispar caused Pneumonia (calf) Mycoplasma (Eperythrozoon) wenyonii caused Anemia

  4. Sheep and goat M. capricolum subsp. Capripneumonia caused Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia M. mycoides subsp. Capri caused Pneumonia, arthritis septicemia (goat) M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC Pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, septicemia (goat). Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia, CBPP

  5. Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia, CBPP Etiology Mycop/asma mycoides subsp.mycoides (Small colony) (M mmSC) Methods of transmission Transmission occurs from direct andrepeated contacts between sick and healthy animals. The principal route of infection is by the inhalation of infective droplets from active or carrier cases of the disease. Spread of the disease may also occur by discharges from local tail lesions resulting from vaccination with virulent culture.

  6. Economic importance CBPP is the most economically important disease of cattle. The direct losses are from mortality, reduced milk yield, vaccination costs, disease surveillance and research programs. The indirect costs are due to the chronic nature of the disease including: Loss of weight and working ability. Delayed marketing. Reduced fertility. Losses due to quarantine. Loss of cattle trade.

  7. PATHOGENESIS The disease is an acute lobar pneumonia and pleurisy. The organism invades the lungs of cattle and causes a mycoplasmemia; this results in localization in numerous other sites including the kidneys and brain, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. An essential part of the pathogenesis of the disease is thrombosis in the pulmonary vessels, probably prior to the development of pneumonic lesions.

  8. CLINICAL FINDINGS There is considerable variation in the severity of clinical disease from hyperacute to acute to chronic and subacute forms. Acute and hyperacute forms. After an incubation period of 3-6 weeks (in occasional instances up to 6 months) there is a sudden onset of high fever (40 C; 105 F), a fall in milk yield, anorexia and cessation of rumination. Coughing, at first only on exercise, and thoracic pain are evident; affected animals are disinclined to move, standing with the elbows out, the back arched and head extended. Respirations are shallow, rapid and accompanied by expiratory grunting. Pain is evidenced on percussion of the chest.

  9. Auscultation reveals pleuritic friction sounds in the early stages of acute inflammation, and dullness, fluid sounds and moist gurgling crackles in the later stages of effusion. Dullness of areas of the lung may be detectable on percussion. In fatal cases death occurs after a variable course of from several days to 3 weeks. In the hyperacute form, affected cattle may die within 1 week after the onset of respiratory distress.

  10. Chronic and subacute forms Recovered animals may be clinically normal but in some an inactive sequestrum forms in the lung, with a necrotic center of sufficient size to produce a toxemia causing unthriftiness, a chronic cough, and mild respiratory distress on exercise.

  11. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Isolation or detection of organism polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Latex agglutination test. Serological tests includes complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

  12. Differential diagnosis A diagnosis based on a history of contactwith i nfected animals, clinical findings, acomplement fixation test, necropsyfindings and cultural examination isnecessary.Diseases which must be differentiatedfrom CBPP include: Rinderpest Erosive stomatitis, dysentery, and erosions throughout the alimentarytract. Foot and mouth disease Salivation, lameness, fever, and vesicular stomatitis. Hemorrhagic septicemia Acute diseasewith death in 6 to 72 hours. Edema of the neck and brisket, lung lesions similar to CB PP. Culture of Pasteurella spp.

  13. Theileriosis (East Coast fever) Coughing, nasal and ocular discharge, diarrhea, enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes, ulceration of abomasum . No lung lesions Ephemeral fever Ocular discharge, drooling saliva, lameness, enlarged joints, self-limiting disease of short duration; most affected cattle recover quickly; fluctuating fever; secondary pneumonia may occu. Tuberculosis Tubercular nodules may resemble C BPP sequestra but they are degenerative cheese-like lesions, often calcified Actinobacillosis Generalized lesions of lung and other adjacent tissues. Echinococcal (hydatid cysts) Pulmonary cysts with a double wall and containing clear fluid, often calcified when old.

Related


More Related Content

giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#